Chapter 19 Thermodynamics

Question 1

TD principles

Answer 1

Allows us to make qualatative predictions about whether a reaction at equilibrium will favor reactants (left) or products (right)

Question 2

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed only

Answer 2

Converted

Question 3

If a process is spontaneous (thermodynamically favored) in one direction, then it

Answer 3

Can’t be spontaneous in the reverse direction

Question 4

The entropy (delta s) of the universe always _____________ during spontaneous reactions

Answer 4

Increases

Question 5

State functions

Answer 5

Changes that only depend on the initial and final states of a system and not on the process by which the change occurs

Question 6

Enthalpy (delta h)

Answer 6

Heat that is absorbed or released when bonds are broken or formed

Question 7

Delta h is negative

Answer 7

Exothermic

Question 8

Delta h is positive

Answer 8

Endothermic

Question 9

Entropy delta s

Answer 9

Measure of the dispersal of matter and energy. The greater the dispersal (or disorder) the greater the entropy

Question 10

Delta s is negative

Answer 10

Entropy is decreasing (becoming more ordered)

Question 11

Delta s is positive

Answer 11

Entropy is increasing (becoming more disordered)

Question 12

_______ have the highest entropy and _______ have the lowest entropy

Answer 12

Gases

Solids

Question 13

Free energy or delta g

Answer 13

A measure of the spontaneity of a reaction or process

Question 14

Delta g is negative

Answer 14

Spontaneous in forward direction the products are “thermodynamically favored”

Question 15

Delta g is positive

Answer 15

Nonspontaneous in the forward direction. The reactants are thermodynamically favored

Question 16

All spontaneous reactions are

Answer 16

Irreversible

Question 17

The entropy of the universe ________ for spontaneous reactions

Answer 17

Increases

Question 18

Reversible process is a

Answer 18

Specific way in which a system changes state. the system and surroundings can be restored to their original state by exactly reversing the change

Question 19

The maximum amount of work is done by a

Answer 19

Reversible process

Question 20

Irreversible processes is one

Answer 20

That cannot be simply reversed to restore the system and surroundings to their original state

Question 21

Gibbs free energy, g

Answer 21

Is a measure of the spontaneity of a process

Question 22

Delta g is negative
Delta g is positive
Delta g =0

Answer 22

Reaction is spontaneous
Reaction is not spontaneous
Reaction is at equilibrium

Question 23

Any element in its elemental state has a delta hf and a delta gf
of

Answer 23

0

Question 24

Processes in nature tend to move toward

Answer 24

Low energy and high disorder

Question 25

Spontaneous processes must result in

Answer 25

Decreasing enthalpy or increasing entropy, or both

Question 26

Thermodynamics

Answer 26

The study of energy relationships within physical or chemical changes