Chapter 19-Medieval Europe Flashcards
What began a new period in Europe called the Middle Ages?
Germanic leaders ended the Western Roman empire and divided it into Germanic kingdoms.
How long did the middle ages last?
1000 years
What played a key role in the growth and unity of Western Europe?
The Roman catholic church
True or false:
The Emperor and the Catholic Church were often in conflict.
True
Who forged in empire that included the lands of Germany, France, northern Spain, and Italy?
Charlemagne
Who did the pope crown as emperor?
Charlemagne
Who joined forces with the Catholic Church to regain control of Europe and reestablish the Holy Roman Empire?
Successive emperors of Germany
What is the system of service between the Lord and the vassals who have sworn loyalty to the Lord? It is a social order.
Feudalism
What is a person called who is under the protection of a Lord to whom he has vowed loyalty?
Vassal
What is a feudal estate belonging to a vassal called?
Fief
What is a mounted man at arms serving as a feudal superior?
Knight
What is a system, spirit, or custom of medieval knighthood called?
Chivalry
What is a member of the peasant class, tied to the Lord and subject to the will of the landowner called?
Serf
What is a group of merchants or craftsman during medieval times called?
Guild
Who united the Anglo-Saxons creating England?
Alfred the great
Which French noble conquered England in the battle of Hastings?
William of Normandy
What year was the battle of Hastings?
1066
English Nobles forced king John to do what?
Sign the Magna Carta
What did the Magna Carta do?
The Magna Carta limited the powers of the king.
What year was the Magna Carta signed by King John?
1215
Who helped the king rule after the Magna Carta?
Parliament, a group of lords, church leaders, knights, and townspeople.
The creation of the Magna Carta was the key step toward what?
Representative government
Slavs in eastern Europe did what?
They adopted eastern orthodox Christianity and founded Moscow
What did rulers of Moscow do?
Conquer lands that became the Russian Empire
Who called on Europe’s nobles to begin a holy war or crusade against the Muslim invaders of the holy land?
Pope urban II
How many total Crusades were launched? And how many were successful?
A total of 10 Crusades were launched, but only the first two were successful.
The crusades and the rise of a strong government made Medievil Europeans more confident. What happened as a result?
Trade, banking, and businesses thrive. A better economy meant more money to spend on building and learning.
What were two types of church architecture styles?
Romanesque style and Gothic style
By 1500 Europe had how many universities?
80
Followers of scholasticism wanted to combine what three things?
Faith, reason and experience
During medieval times, what was the official language of the church and the University?
Latin
What was the center of medieval life?
The Catholic church
The church performed many tasks that governments do today. Name three.
Recording births, deaths, and marriages.
The church seriously addressed threats of what? And what did they do about it?
The church seriously addressed threats of heresy, putting heretics (non-believers) on trial.
How many Europeans were killed by the Black death?
About half of all Europeans
How did the black death affect Europe?
- The lower population caused by so many deaths caused wages to rise and food prices to fall.
- Workers now had more freedom to choose where and for whom they worked.
- Weakened traditional feudal system (workers were no longer tied to a particular Lord or manner)
Western Europe was torn apart by political conflicts. Give an example.
England and France entered a conflict over territory, and the war lasted more than 100 years.
Spain’s Christian population drove out the Muslims during a struggle known as what?
Reconquista
Who unified Spain as a Catholic nation?
Ferdinand and Isabella
What is the Spanish Inquisition and who established it?
Ferdinand and Isabella established the Spanish Inquisition to punish heretics, or nonbelievers
What is the narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes called? And where are they located?
Fjords. And they are located in Scandinavia
What is an agreement between the Pope and a ruler of a country called?
Concordat
What is every day spoken language in an area called?
Vernacular
