Chapter 11-Rome: Republic To Empire

Question 1

What are two things that have attracted people to Italy for thousands of years?

Answer 1

Location and climate

Question 2

What were the two things about Rome’s location on the Tiber river that were positive?

Answer 2

1) It was easy to move goods through Italy, and to and from the Mediterranean Sea.
2) It protected the city from pirate raids.

Question 3

What marked the birth of Rome and the people who became known as Romans?

Answer 3

A group of people called Latins settled in Rome’s hills in central Italy.

Question 3

When was the birth of Rome, when the Latins settled in Rome’s hills?

Answer 3

Between 800 bc and 700 bc

Question 4

Who also moved into the area of Rome and who eventually took control of Rome?

Answer 4

Greeks and Etruscans moved into the area. In time, the Etruscans took control of Rome.

Question 5

What did the Greeks and Etruscans influence in Rome?

Answer 5

They influenced Roman culture, architecture, religion, and military style.

Question 6

What is a form of government in which citizens elect their leaders?

Answer 6

A republic

Question 7

When the Romans overthrew their Etruscans King what did they do?

Answer 7

Set up a republic

Question 8

True or false

The United States today is an example of a republic.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Rome developed a strong army. They formed groups of soldiers called what?

Answer 9

Legions

Question 10

Why were Roman legions successful at war?

Answer 10

Roman legions were skilled at fighting and could move quickly around a battlefield.

Question 11

What were the two classes of people called in early Rome?

Answer 11

Patricians, who were wealthy landowners

Plebeians, who were poor

Question 12

At first, did plebeians share equal rights with patricians?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

True or false

Plebeians could never take part in the Roman government.

Answer 13

False. Eventually, plebeians won the right to take part in the Roman government.

Question 14

What are plebeian elected officials called?

Answer 14

Plebeians elected officials, called tribunes, to represent them in government.

Question 15

How many branches of government did the Roman Republic have and what are they?

Answer 15

3 branches; One branch made the laws, a second branch ran the daily affairs of the government, and the third branch served as judges.

Question 16

What was the branch of Roman Republic, who made the laws, made up of?

Answer 16

The Senate and an assembly

Question 17

Who led the branch of the Roman Republic that ran the daily affairs of the government?

Answer 17

Two consuls, or heads of government

Question 18

What were the judges in the Roman Republic called?

Answer 18

Praetors

Question 19

What is the system called that prevents one branch of government from getting too powerful?

Answer 19

The system of checks and balances

Question 20

Give an example of how checks and balances work.

Answer 20

One consul could veto, or reject, a decision made by the other consul.

Question 21

During a crisis what did the Senate have the ability to do?

Answer 21

During a crisis, the Senate could appoint a temporary dictator, or strong leader who was given complete control of the government.

Question 22

After the trouble had passed, what was the dictator expected to do?

Answer 22

The dictator was expected to step down.

Question 23

Rome’s legal system was based on everyone being treated the same way under the law. What is this called?

Answer 23

Rule of law

Question 24

Who was Rome’s main rival for control of the Mediterranean region?

Answer 24

Carthage

Question 25

How many wars did Rome fight with Carthage and what were the wars called?

Answer 25

Three wars and they were called the Punic wars.

Question 26

Who won the Punic wars?

Answer 26

In 146 bc, Rome defeated Carthage and made it a province, or regional district, under Rome’s control.

Question 27

After the Punic wars, who did Rome conquer and where did Rome begin to expand its territory?

Answer 27

Rome conquered Greece and began to expand its territory into Asia

Question 28

What were large farming estates called?

Answer 28

Latifundia

Question 29

What happened to the small farmers in the Roman Republic?

Answer 29

Small farmers in the Roman Republic begin to fall into poverty and lose their land.

Question 30

Why did the small farmers in the Roman Republic lose their land?

Answer 30

They could not compete with wealthy Romans who owned latifundia.

Question 31

What was the result of the small farmers losing their farms?

Answer 31

The poor farmers moved to Roman cities in great numbers.

Question 32

What did the Roman leaders do when all the poor farmers moved to the cities?

Answer 32

Roman leaders used a “bread and circus” policy to feed and entertain the poor who were now crowding the cities.

Question 33

Why did the Roman leaders use the “Bread & Circus” policy?

Answer 33

They wanted to prevent the poor from revolting.

Question 34

Who within the Roman Republic began to seek and gain greater political power?

Answer 34

Roman military leaders

Question 35

What is a political group of three people who are in equal power called?

Answer 35

Triumvirate

Question 36

When was the first triumvirate formed to rule Rome?

Answer 36

60bc

Question 37

Who were the 3 leaders in the first triumvirate?

Answer 37

Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar

Question 38

In what year did Caesar defeat Pompey in a Civil War?

Answer 38

44bc

Question 39

Who became Rome’s first dictator for life?

Answer 39

Julius Caesar

Question 40

What happened to Julius Caesar after he became the first dictator?

Answer 40

Members of the Senate killed him that same year.

Question 41

When did Julius Caesar die and what is the name of the day called?

Answer 41

March 15 was the day he was killed.

Ides of March

Question 42

After Julius Caesar’s death, the second triumvirate was formed. Who was in it?

Answer 42

Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus

Question 43

Who became rivals in the second triumvirate causing a Civil War to break out again?

Answer 43

Antony and Octavian

Question 44

Who was Mark Antony’s ally?

Answer 44

Cleopatra, of the queen of Egypt

Question 45

Why did Antony and Cleopatra kill themselves?

Answer 45

To avoid being captured by Octavian.

Question 46

Who became the second dictator of Rome?

Answer 46

Octavian

Question 47

What did Octavian rename himself?

Answer 47

Augustus

Question 48

What was a time of peace and prosperity for Rome called?

Answer 48

Pax Romana

Question 49

Under whose leadership was the beginning of Pax Romana?

Answer 49

Augustus

Question 50

What are the years packs Romana lasted?

Answer 50

27bc to 180ad……200 years

Question 51

What are some things Augustus did while being dictator?

Answer 51

Augustus strengthened the army, protected Rome’s borders, and rebuilt in marble many of Rome’s buildings.

Question 52

After Augustus died, who ruled Rome? And did he rule effectively?

Answer 52

After Augustus died, his son, Tiberius, ruled effectively.

Question 53

Who ruled after Tiberius?

Answer 53

A series of cruel dictators, ruled Rome after Tiberius

Question 54

Who was Rome ruled by during the 100’s a.d.?

Answer 54

During the 100’s a.d., Rome was ruled by the Five Good Emperors.

Question 55

What is one thing the Five Good Emperors did while they ruled?

Answer 55

They built aqueducts, or human made channels, to bring water from the country to the city.

Question 56

Did the Five Good Emperors rule during a time of peace and prosperity? And did they abuse their power?

Answer 56

They ruled during a time of peace and prosperity and did not abuse their power.

Question 57

How big was the Roman empire during rule of the Five Good Emperors?

Answer 57

The Roman empire was almost the size of the United States today, making it one of the largest empires in history.