Chapter 19: heart and neck vessels

Question 1

angina

Answer 1

heart cannot keep up with metabolic demand, chest pain

Question 2

diaphoresis

Answer 2

cold sweats, palor

Question 3

dyspnea

Answer 3

difficulty breathing

Question 4

orthopnea

Answer 4

use of pillows to position person to breathe better

Question 5

nocturia

Answer 5

urinating at night

Question 6

carotid hypersensitivity

Answer 6

pressure over the carotid sinus leads to a decreased heart rate and bp

Question 7

carotid bruit

Answer 7

audible because the turbulent is loud and increases as atherosclerosis worsens

Question 8

murmur

Answer 8

cardiac disorder but may sound like a carotid bruit

Question 9

heave or lift

Answer 9

sustained forceful thrusting of the ventricle during systole

Question 10

sustained impulse

Answer 10

similar to a heave or lift but with increase in force and duration but no change in location

Question 11

thrill

Answer 11

palpable vibration, feels like a throat of a purring cat, this signifies turbulent blood flood and accompanies loud murmurs

Question 12

pulse deficit

Answer 12

signals a weak contraction of the ventricles

Question 13

S1 is louder than

Answer 13

S2 at the apex

Question 14

S2 is louder than

Answer 14

S1 at the base

Question 15

paradoxical split

Answer 15

opposite of what you should hear for S1 and S2 sounds

Question 16

murmurs may be due to

Answer 16

congenital defects and acquired valvular defects

Question 17

systolic murmur may occur with

Answer 17

normal heart or heart disease

Question 18

diastolic murmur always indicates

Answer 18

heart disease

Question 19

murmur of mitral stenosis is

Answer 19

rumbling

Question 20

aortic stenosis is

Answer 20

harsh

Question 21

how much does a pregnancy normally raise a womans blood pressure

Answer 21

30/15

Question 22

heart failure symptoms

Answer 22

dilated pupils, skin is cyanotic or palor, orthopnea, crackles, wheeze, or cough, decreased bp, nausea, vomitting

Question 23

atrial septal defect (asd)

Answer 23

abnormal opening in the atrial septum, causing large increase in pulmonary blood flow

Question 24

ventricular septal defect

Answer 24

abnormal opening in septem between ventricales, usually subarotic area

Question 25

tetralogy of fallot (four components)

Answer 25

1. right ventricular outflow stenosis 2.VSD 3. right ventricular hypertrophy 4. overriding aorta

Question 26

coarctation of the aorta

Answer 26

severe narrowing of descending aorta, usually at the junction just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery, results in increased work load on left ventricle

Question 27

aortic stenosis

Answer 27

calcification of aortic valve cusps which restricts forward flow of blood during systole, a loud hard murmur is associated with this that is during systole

Question 28

pulmonic stenosis

Answer 28

calcification of pulmonic valve, restricts forward flow of blood

Question 29

mitral regurgitation

Answer 29

stream of blood regurgitates back into left atrium during systole through incompetent mitral valve

Question 30

tricuspid regurgitation

Answer 30

back flow of blood through incompetent tricuspid back into the right atrium

Question 31

mitral stenosis

Answer 31

calcified mitral valve that does not open properly, impedes flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole, results with enlarged left atrium and left atrial pressure is increased

Question 32

tricuspid stenosis

Answer 32

calcification of the tricuspid valve, impedes forward flow into right ventricle

Question 33

aortic regurgitation

Answer 33

stream of blood regurgitates back through incompetent aortic valve into the left ventricle during diastole

Question 34

pulmonic regurgitation

Answer 34

backflow of blood through pulmonic valve from pulmonary artery to right ventricle