chapter 18: thorax and lungs

Question 1

sputum colors

Answer 1

white and clear=viral infection
yellow or green= bacteria
rust color= pneumonia or tb
pink color= pulmonary edema

Question 2

mycoplasma pneumonia

Answer 2

hacking or early heart failure

Question 3

bronchitis pneumonia

Answer 3

congestion

Question 4

orthopnea

Answer 4

difficulty breathing in the supine position

Question 5

dyspnea

Answer 5

difficulty breathing

Question 6

tactile fremitus

Answer 6

sounds generated from lyranx through bronchi

Question 7

decreased fremitus

Answer 7

when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations

Question 8

increased fremitus

Answer 8

occurs with compression or consolidation extending to the lung surface

Question 9

pleural friction fremitus

Answer 9

palpable with inflammation of the pleura

Question 10

crepitus

Answer 10

the cracking sensation in any joint

Question 11

diaphragmatic excursion

Answer 11

estimates the level of the diaphragm separating the lungs from the abdomen

Question 12

breath sounds

Answer 12

abdormal-crackles

watch out for false crackles due to chest hair and pt breathing on stethoscope

Question 13

decreased or absent breath sounds

Answer 13

when bronchials are obstructed by secretion or foreign body

Question 14

emphysema

Answer 14

result of loss of elasticity in the lung fibers

Question 15

silent chest

Answer 15

no air is moving in or out

Question 16

increased breath sounds

Answer 16

sounds are louder then they should be

Question 17

adventitious sounds

Answer 17

added sounds that are not normally heard in the lungs such as crackles and wheezing

Question 18

forced expiratory time

Answer 18

number of seconds it takes for a person to exhale from total lung capacity

Question 19

Apgar score

Answer 19

measure of new born baby that includes heart rate, muscle tone, color, and reflex

Question 20

pregnancy- thorax

Answer 20

thoracic cage may appear wider, respirations may be deeper

Question 21

aging adult- thorax

Answer 21

outward curvature of thoracic spine (hump back appearance)

Question 22

barrel chest

Answer 22

wider and flat chest

Question 23

pectus excavatum

Answer 23

sunken sternum and adjacent cartilage “funnel breast”

Question 24

pectus carinatum

Answer 24

pigeon breast, “poofs out” protrusion of the sternum

Question 25

normal breaths

Answer 25

8-20 breaths per minute

Question 26

tachypenea

Answer 26

increased rate. more then 24 breaths per min

Question 27

bradypenea

Answer 27

decreased rate less than 10 breaths per minute

Question 28

increased tactile fermuitus

Answer 28

occurs with conditions that increase the density of the lung tissue. compression or pneumonia

Question 29

decreased tactile fermutitus

Answer 29

when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations

Question 30

atelectasis

Answer 30

collapsed or shrunken of alveoli in lung as result of airway blockage, lack of surfactant

Question 31

lobar pneumonia

Answer 31

infection in lung that leaves the alveolar course so that RBC and WBC pass from blood to alveoli, alveoli fill up with bacteria, debrief, etc. decreases surface area

Question 32

bronchitis

Answer 32

inflammation of bronchi with partial obstruction by secretions, sections of lung distal to obstruction may be deflated

Question 33

pleural effusion

Answer 33

collection of excess fluid in the intrapleural space

Question 34

pneumothorax

Answer 34

collapsed lung, free air in pleural space, can be spontaneous, traumatic, or tension

Question 35

pneumocystitis

Answer 35

viral form of pneumonia, protozoal, associated with AIDS

Question 36

tuberculosis

Answer 36

inhalation of bacilli into avelor wall

Question 37

pulmonary embolism

Answer 37

blood clot in the lung, originating in legs or pelvis

Question 38

ARDS

Answer 38

acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute pulmonary insult that damages alveolar capillary membrane. autopsy would show dark red airless tissue

Question 39

pleural friction rub

Answer 39

low pitched sound during both inspiration and expiration with pain when breathing

Question 40

pleural friction rub is best identified by

Answer 40

auscultation