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NUR 230 exam 3 > chapter 18: thorax and lungs > Flashcards

chapter 18: thorax and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

sputum colors

A

white and clear=viral infection
yellow or green= bacteria
rust color= pneumonia or tb
pink color= pulmonary edema

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2
Q

mycoplasma pneumonia

A

hacking or early heart failure

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3
Q

bronchitis pneumonia

A

congestion

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4
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing in the supine position

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5
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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6
Q

tactile fremitus

A

sounds generated from lyranx through bronchi

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7
Q

decreased fremitus

A

when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations

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8
Q

increased fremitus

A

occurs with compression or consolidation extending to the lung surface

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9
Q

pleural friction fremitus

A

palpable with inflammation of the pleura

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10
Q

crepitus

A

the cracking sensation in any joint

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11
Q

diaphragmatic excursion

A

estimates the level of the diaphragm separating the lungs from the abdomen

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12
Q

breath sounds

A

abdormal-crackles

watch out for false crackles due to chest hair and pt breathing on stethoscope

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13
Q

decreased or absent breath sounds

A

when bronchials are obstructed by secretion or foreign body

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14
Q

emphysema

A

result of loss of elasticity in the lung fibers

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15
Q

silent chest

A

no air is moving in or out

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16
Q

increased breath sounds

A

sounds are louder then they should be

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17
Q

adventitious sounds

A

added sounds that are not normally heard in the lungs such as crackles and wheezing

18
Q

forced expiratory time

A

number of seconds it takes for a person to exhale from total lung capacity

19
Q

Apgar score

A

measure of new born baby that includes heart rate, muscle tone, color, and reflex

20
Q

pregnancy- thorax

A

thoracic cage may appear wider, respirations may be deeper

21
Q

aging adult- thorax

A

outward curvature of thoracic spine (hump back appearance)

22
Q

barrel chest

A

wider and flat chest

23
Q

pectus excavatum

A

sunken sternum and adjacent cartilage “funnel breast”

24
Q

pectus carinatum

A

pigeon breast, “poofs out” protrusion of the sternum

25
Q

normal breaths

A

8-20 breaths per minute

26
Q

tachypenea

A

increased rate. more then 24 breaths per min

27
Q

bradypenea

A

decreased rate less than 10 breaths per minute

28
Q

increased tactile fermuitus

A

occurs with conditions that increase the density of the lung tissue. compression or pneumonia

29
Q

decreased tactile fermutitus

A

when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations

30
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed or shrunken of alveoli in lung as result of airway blockage, lack of surfactant

31
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

infection in lung that leaves the alveolar course so that RBC and WBC pass from blood to alveoli, alveoli fill up with bacteria, debrief, etc. decreases surface area

32
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchi with partial obstruction by secretions, sections of lung distal to obstruction may be deflated

33
Q

pleural effusion

A

collection of excess fluid in the intrapleural space

34
Q

pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung, free air in pleural space, can be spontaneous, traumatic, or tension

35
Q

pneumocystitis

A

viral form of pneumonia, protozoal, associated with AIDS

36
Q

tuberculosis

A

inhalation of bacilli into avelor wall

37
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blood clot in the lung, originating in legs or pelvis

38
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute pulmonary insult that damages alveolar capillary membrane. autopsy would show dark red airless tissue

39
Q

pleural friction rub

A

low pitched sound during both inspiration and expiration with pain when breathing

40
Q

pleural friction rub is best identified by

A

auscultation

NUR 230 exam 3 (4 decks)

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