chapter 18: thorax and lungs Flashcards
sputum colors
white and clear=viral infection
yellow or green= bacteria
rust color= pneumonia or tb
pink color= pulmonary edema
mycoplasma pneumonia
hacking or early heart failure
bronchitis pneumonia
congestion
orthopnea
difficulty breathing in the supine position
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
tactile fremitus
sounds generated from lyranx through bronchi
decreased fremitus
when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations
increased fremitus
occurs with compression or consolidation extending to the lung surface
pleural friction fremitus
palpable with inflammation of the pleura
crepitus
the cracking sensation in any joint
diaphragmatic excursion
estimates the level of the diaphragm separating the lungs from the abdomen
breath sounds
abdormal-crackles
watch out for false crackles due to chest hair and pt breathing on stethoscope
decreased or absent breath sounds
when bronchials are obstructed by secretion or foreign body
emphysema
result of loss of elasticity in the lung fibers
silent chest
no air is moving in or out
increased breath sounds
sounds are louder then they should be
adventitious sounds
added sounds that are not normally heard in the lungs such as crackles and wheezing
forced expiratory time
number of seconds it takes for a person to exhale from total lung capacity
Apgar score
measure of new born baby that includes heart rate, muscle tone, color, and reflex
pregnancy- thorax
thoracic cage may appear wider, respirations may be deeper
aging adult- thorax
outward curvature of thoracic spine (hump back appearance)
barrel chest
wider and flat chest
pectus excavatum
sunken sternum and adjacent cartilage “funnel breast”
pectus carinatum
pigeon breast, “poofs out” protrusion of the sternum
normal breaths
8-20 breaths per minute
tachypenea
increased rate. more then 24 breaths per min
bradypenea
decreased rate less than 10 breaths per minute
increased tactile fermuitus
occurs with conditions that increase the density of the lung tissue. compression or pneumonia
decreased tactile fermutitus
when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations
atelectasis
collapsed or shrunken of alveoli in lung as result of airway blockage, lack of surfactant
lobar pneumonia
infection in lung that leaves the alveolar course so that RBC and WBC pass from blood to alveoli, alveoli fill up with bacteria, debrief, etc. decreases surface area
bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi with partial obstruction by secretions, sections of lung distal to obstruction may be deflated
pleural effusion
collection of excess fluid in the intrapleural space
pneumothorax
collapsed lung, free air in pleural space, can be spontaneous, traumatic, or tension
pneumocystitis
viral form of pneumonia, protozoal, associated with AIDS
tuberculosis
inhalation of bacilli into avelor wall
pulmonary embolism
blood clot in the lung, originating in legs or pelvis
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute pulmonary insult that damages alveolar capillary membrane. autopsy would show dark red airless tissue
pleural friction rub
low pitched sound during both inspiration and expiration with pain when breathing
pleural friction rub is best identified by
auscultation
