Chapter 19 - Acids, Bases, and Salts

Question 0

How are the properties of acids and bases similar?

Answer 0

Both acids and bases will cause an indicator (chemical dyes) to change color and form aqueous solutions that are strong or weak electrolytes (can conduct electricity).

Question 1

How are acids and bases defined by the Brønsted-Lowry theory?

Answer 1

An acid is a hydrogen-ion donor, while a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor.

Question 2

Determine whether the following acids are monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic. 
A. H2CO3
B. H3PO4
C. HCl
D. H2SO4

Answer 2

A. Diprotic
B. Triprotic
C. Monoprotic
D. Diprotic

Question 3

What is the range of pH values in the following solutions?
A. Basic
B. Acidic
C. Neutralz

Answer 3

A. Greater than 7
B. Less than 7
C. 7

Question 4

In terms of ion concentration, how do basic solutions differ from acidic solutions?

Answer 4

• Acidic solution: a solution in which [H+] is greater than [OH-].
• Basic solution: a solution in which [H+] is less than [OH-]

Question 5

What factor determines whether an acid or base is strong or weak?

Answer 5

It is based on the degree to which they ionize in water.

Question 6

What are the products of a reaction between an acid and a base?

Answer 6

Salt and water.

Question 7

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

Answer 7

Strong acid: completely ionizes in aqueous solution.

Weak acid: ionizes only slightly in aqueous solution.

Question 8

A. What’s an example of a strong acid?

B. What’s an example of strong base?

Answer 8

A. Hydrochloric acid HCl

B. Sodium hydroxide NaOH & potassium hydroxide KOH

Question 9

Define an amphoteric substance and give an example.

Answer 9

It’s a substance that can act as either an acid or base. Water and HCO3-

Question 10

What’s the difference between a conjugate acid and a conjugate base?

Answer 10

Conjugate acid: the ion formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion.
Conjugate base: the ion that remains after an acid loses a hydrogen ion.

Question 11

What’s a conjugate acid-base pair?

Answer 11

It’s a pair that consists of 2 ions/molecules related by the loss or gain of 1 H ion.

Question 12

List 6 of the common acids.

Answer 12

▪️Hydrochloric acid HCl
▪️Nitric acid HNO3
▪️Sulfuric acid H2SO4
▪️Phosphoric acid H3PO4
▪️Ethanoic acid CH3COOH
▪️Carbonic acid H2CO3

Question 13

Where do the hydrogen ions go in an aqueous solution?

Answer 13

The hydrogen ions are joined to water molecules as hydronium ions (H3O+).
It’s an ion that forms when a water molecule gains a hydrogen ion.

Question 14

List 4 of the common bases.

Answer 14

▪️Sodium hydroxide NaOH
▪️Potassium hydroxide KOH
▪️Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
▪️Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2

Question 15

What is the formula in which water self-ionizes

Answer 15

H2O + H2O —> H3O+ + OH-

It produces a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion

Question 16

Define self-ionization.

Answer 16

The reaction in which water molecules produce ions.

Question 17

Hydronium ions make solutions ______, whereas hydroxide ions make it _____.

Answer 17

Acidic

Basic

Question 18

What’s an example of something acidic?

Answer 18

▪️HCl 0
▪️Lemon juice 2.5
▪️Tomato juice 4

Question 19

What’s an example of something basic?

Answer 19

▪️household ammonia
▪️NaOH
▪️blood

Question 20

Practice #22 pg. 662

Answer 20

Okay.