Chapter 13 - States of Matter Flashcards
Why does a gas take the shape and volume of it’s container?
The motion of the particles in a gas in rapid, constant, and random. Thus, a gas can spread out into space without limit.
Describe the assumptions of kinetic theory as applied to gases.
- Gases are tiny, hard spheres with insignificant volume.
- Gases move in fast, straight lines and are always moving in a rapid and constant manner.
- Gases bump into each other via elastic collisions, meaning they bounce off each other again without any damage or loss of total kinetic energy.
In terms of kinetic energy, explain how a molecule in a liquid evaporates.
Since the intermolecular attractions keep the particles in a liquid close together, a molecule in a liquid evaporates only if it has enough kinetic energy to escape from the surface of liquid.
What conditions must exist for a liquid to boil?
It must heat until the particles have enough kinetic energy to vaporize.
What does the shape of a crystal tell you about the structure of a structure
The shape of a crystal reflects the arrangement if the particles within the solid.
Why does the boiling point of a liquid vary with atmospheric pressure?
The boiling point varies with altitude. A liquid boils when the vapor pressure equal the atmospheric pressure. It cannot boil when the atmospheric pressure is greater than the vapor pressure.
How are the particles arranged in solids?
In an orderly way that reflects it’s properties and the fixed locations of it’s particles.
Why does a solid have a definite shape and volume?
Because the molecules are packed tightly together. They’re are dense and not easy to compress. Unlike liquids and gases, solids do not flow.
What properties must a solid have to undergo sublimation?
It must have vapor pressure that exceeds atmospheric pressure.
How can water be drawn using a phase diagram?
Water can be drawn using a phase diagram that shows important phase changes like sublimation, melting, freezing, and a triple point.
What is the relationship b/w the rate of evaporation of the liquid and the rate of condensation of the vapor in the container?
In a system at constant vapor pressure, a dynamic equilibrium exists.
What factors help determine the physical properties of liquids?
The disruptive motions and the attractions among the particles.
How is the Kelvin temperature of a substance related to the average kinetic energy of it’s particles?
They are directly proportional.
Use kinetic theory to explain what causes gas pressure.
Gas pressure is the result of billions of rapidly moving particles in a gas simultaneously colliding with an object.
