Chapter 19/20 Test

Question 1

Describe androgens

Answer 1

The male sex hormones are called androgens, of which testosterone is the most abundant

Question 2

Describe the epididymis

Answer 2

Each epididymis is a tightly coiled tube lying adjacent to the testis and leading from the testis to the vas deferens

Question 3

What is the name of the process where sperm cells are produced?

Answer 3

Spermatogenesis

Question 4

What is the name of the process where egg cells are produced?

Answer 4

Oogenesis

Question 5

What is the type/name of cell division that produces sperm and egg cells?

Answer 5

Meiosis

Question 6

When spermatogenesis occurs it results in how many sperm cells with how many chromosomes?

Answer 6

Four sperm cells with 46 chromosomes

Question 7

What two things that aid the movement of egg cells down a uterine tube?

Answer 7

Cilia beating in unison and the rhythmic muscular contractions (peristaltic waves) of the fallopian tube’s wall

Question 8

Describe the cervix

Answer 8

The lower one-third of the uterus, extends into the vagina

Question 9

In the female reproductive cycle, what two hormones are low when causing the menstrual flow to occur?

Answer 9

estrogen and progesterone

Question 10

What hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 10

testosterone

Question 11

What hormone is mainly responsible for developing and maintaining female secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 11

estrogens

Question 12

What can be fertilized to produce a zygote?

Answer 12

an egg

Question 13

By what week can external reproductive organs be distinguished?

Answer 13

By the eighth week

Question 14

What week determines when the fetal stage of development begins?

Answer 14

After the eighth week

Question 15

How many blood vessels are found in the umbilical cord? (How many are veins; How many arteries?)

Answer 15

two umbilical arteries and one vein

Question 16

Describe the foramen ovale; what two heart structures does it allow fetal blood to pass between?

Answer 16

the foramen ovale conveys a large portion of the blood entering the right atrium from the inferior vena cava, through the atrial septum, and into the left atrium, thus bypassing the lungs

Question 17

What provides an infant with its main source of energy during the first few days of its life?

Answer 17

Its own fat stores

Question 18

Define fertilization

Answer 18

the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.