Chapter 12/13 Flash Cards

Question 1

the most active phagocytic cells among leukocytes

Answer 1

neutrophils and monocytes

Question 2

which of the leukocytes accounts for the smallest percentage in a blood sample?

Answer 2

basophils

Question 3

which of the leukocytes are considered agranulocytes?

Answer 3

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 4

how can erythroblastosis be prevented?

Answer 4

a medication called Rh immunoglobin (Rhig), also known as RhoGAM, can help prevent Rh sensitization

Question 5

what is the range for normal white blood cell count?

Answer 5

4,500 to 11,000 WBCs per microliter (4.5 to 11.0 x 10^9/L)

Question 6

define what platelets are

Answer 6

a tiny, disk-shaped piece of cell that is found in the blood and spleen; they help form blood clots to slow or stop bleeding and to help wounds heal

Question 7

what causes sickle-cell anemia?

Answer 7

inheriting two faulty hemoglobin genes, called hemoglobin S: one from each parent

Question 8

what causes hypochromic anemia?

Answer 8

disruption in the iron supply due to decreased iron content in the diet

Question 9

an individual with leukemia has a deficiency affecting what, which causes them to bleed?

Answer 9

a shortage of normal blood cells

Question 10

describe the general appearance of red and white blood cells

Answer 10

red blood cells are pink in color from their hemoglobin and have a biconcave disk shape to maximize their surface area so that they can carry more oxygen; white blood cells have an irregular shape and are about twice the size of red blood cells and they do not have a color or pigment

Question 11

what is considered the pacemaker of the heart, and what may act as the secondary pacemaker for the heart?

Answer 11

the sinus node; the sino-atrial node

Question 12

blood pressure is the greatest in arteries when (systole or diastole and atrial or ventricular)

Answer 12

during ventricular contraction, arterial pressure is at its highest (systolic pressure)

Question 13

what is pericardium?

Answer 13

a protective, fluid-filled sac that surrounds your heart and helps it function properly

Question 14

know the draining areas of the following veins: external jugular, subclavian, cephalic, inferior vena cava

Answer 14

the jugular veins drain the head and unite with the subclavian veins to form the brachiocephalic veins; the cephalic veins drain the radial part of the hand, forearm, and arm; the inferior vena veins drain the right atrium

Question 15

in an ECG pattern what causes the P wave, T wave, and QRS wave, and the importance of the P-Q interval?

Answer 15

The sino-atrial node produces the P wave, the T wave is caused by ventricular polarization, and the QRS wave is produced by the atrioventricular node; the P-Q interval is important because it represents the time from the onset of atrial depolarization to the onset of ventricular depolarization

Question 16

what happens with the bicuspid and tricuspid valves during ventricular contraction?

Answer 16

when the two ventricle chambers contract, they force the tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves to close as the pulmonary and aortic valves open

Question 17

of the following arteries, which are branches of the aorta: right coronary, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, left subclavian

Answer 17

all following arteries are branches of the aorta: right coronary, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, and left subclavian

Question 18

what is the correct sequence of parts that function to carry cardiac impulses?

Answer 18

S-A node, A-V node, A-V bundle, and Purkinje fibre

Question 19

list the correct sequence of structures and valves of the heart that blood passes through beginning and ending with the vena cava

Answer 19

the deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior vena cava, into the right atrium, and through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle; the tricuspid valve closes, pushing the blood up into the pulmonary arteries, where it enters the lungs and becomes oxygenated; the oxygenated blood enters the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium and through the mitral (or bicuspid) valve, into the left ventricle; the mitral valve closes and pushes the oxygenated blood into the aortic valve and out of the heart through the aorta