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Anatomy - Goodwin > Chapter 10 Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

anterior cavity

A

the front third of the eye that includes the structures in the front of the vitreous humor: the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens

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2
Q

malleus

A

a small bone in the middle ear which transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus

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3
Q

aqueous humor

A

the clear fluid filling the space in the front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea

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4
Q

medial rectus

A

an adductor, functions along with the lateral rectus which abducts the eye

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5
Q

auditory tube

A

hollow structure that extends from the middle ear to the pharynx

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6
Q

optic disk

A

the raised disk on the retina at the point of entry of the optic nerve, lacking visual receptors and so creating a blind spot

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7
Q

auricle

A

the visible portion of the outer ear

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8
Q

optic nerve

A

each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye

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9
Q

oval window

A

a connective tissue membrane located at the end of the end of the middle ear and the beginning of the inner ear

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10
Q

choroid coat

A

the pigmented vascular layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera

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11
Q

pharynx

A

the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus

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12
Q

ciliary body

A

the part of the eye that connects the iris to the choroid - consists of the ciliary muscle, a series of radical ciliary processes, and the ciliary ring

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13
Q

cochlea

A

the spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations

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14
Q

cochlear duct

A

an endolymph-filled cavity located between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani in the cochlea which is part of the inner ear along with the vestibular apparatus

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15
Q

pupil

A

the round opening in the center of the iris

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16
Q

cones

A

a type of photoreceptor cell in the retina - gives us color vision

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17
Q

retina

A

the light-sensitive layers of nerve tissues at the back of the eye that receive images and sends them as electric signals through the optic nerve to the brain

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18
Q

cornea

A

the transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil and allows light to enter inside

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19
Q

rods

A

a type of photoreceptor cell in the retina - sensitive to light levels and help give us good vision in low light

20
Q

round window

A

one of two opening in the middle ear at the level of the cochlea allowing communication between the mestoympanum of the middle and inner ear

21
Q

external auditory meatus

A

passageway that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum membrane, of each ear

22
Q

sclera

A

the white layer of the eye that covers most of the outside of the eyeball

23
Q

fovea centralis

A

a small depression within the neurosensory retina where visual acuity is the highest

24
Q

semicircular canals

A

three tiny, fluid-filled tubes in our inner ear that help you keep your balance

25
Q

stapes

A

the innermost of the chain of three ossicles in the middle ear of a mammal having the form of a stirrup, a base occupying the oval window, and a head connected with the incus

26
Q

incus

A

the middle bone of a chain of three small bones in the ear of a mammal

27
Q

superior oblique

A

spindle-shaped muscle belonging to the extraocular group of muscles

28
Q

inferior oblique

A

a thin, narrow muscle of the eye

29
Q

superior rectus

A

elevates the eye, causing the cornea to move superiorly

30
Q

inferior rectus

A

one of the seven extraocular muscles and is primarily responsible for depressing the eye (downgaze)

31
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

a ligament or fibrous membrane suspending an organ or part

32
Q

iris

A

the colored tissue at the front of the eye that contains the pupil in the center

33
Q

tympanic cavity

A

separates the outer ear from the middle ear

34
Q

lateral rectus

A

an abductor, moves the eye laterally and side to side along with the medial rectus, which is an adductor

35
Q

tympanic membrane

A

(eardrum) sound waves cause it to vibrate, vibrations are then transferred to the tiny bones in the middle ear, which then transfer the vibrating signals to the inner ear

36
Q

lens

A

a clear disk that focuses light - clear, curved structure at the front of the eye

37
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve

A

a nerve that is responsible for the sense of hearing and that is also pertinent to the senses of balance and body position

38
Q

What is the purpose/function of the ciliary muscle?

A

It produces the fluid in the eye called aqueous humor. It also contains the ciliary muscle, which changes the shape of the lens when your eyes focus on a near object. This process is called accommodation.

39
Q

Where are the auditory ossicles located, what is the name of each?

A

They are found within the petrous part of the temporal bone - their names are malleus, incus, and stapes

40
Q

Upon which structure of the eye can a cataract form?

A

On the lens.

41
Q

List the structures and fluids through which light passes as it enters and travels through the eye.

A

The cornea, the aqueous humor, the pupil, the lens, the vitreous humor, and finally the photoreceptors of the retina.

42
Q

What color light are the receptors within the retina most sensitive?

A

A yellowish-green color.

43
Q

Describe sensory adaptation.

A

It refers to the way our senses adjust to different stimuli.

44
Q

Describe referred pain.

A

Pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus/origin.

45
Q

What is the reason for the blind spot?

A

The optic nerve passes through the retina, where there are no photoreceptors there to detect light.

46
Q

Rods and cones are located within what structure of the eye?

A

They are located within the retina.

47
Q

What does it mean to have 20/20 vision; 20/200; 20/10?

A

20/20 vision means that you can see an object clearly from 20 feet away the same way a normal person can. 20/200 vision means that what others can normally see at 200 feet clearly, you can only see from 20 feet away. 20/10 vision means that what others can normally see clearly from 20 feet away, you have to be 10 feet away from to see clearly.

Anatomy - Goodwin (6 decks)

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