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Microbiology exam 3 > chapter 19 > Flashcards

chapter 19 Flashcards

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0
Q

what are the gram reaction, cell shape and arrangement of staph.. aureus

A

gram positive

circular in clusters

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1
Q

what is the casual agent of folliculitis

A

staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

what is folliculitis

A

infection of hair follicles

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3
Q

if the infection is in the eyelid, it is called ________

A

sty

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4
Q

if the infection spreads into surrounding tissues, it is called __________

A

furuncles

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5
Q

what is carbuncle

A

multiple furuncles grow together

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6
Q

what is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of folliculitis

A

d- isolation of gram positive bacteria in grape like clusters from pus
t- diclxocillin, vancomycin
p- hand antisepsis, proper procedures in hospitals to minimize MRSA infections

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7
Q

what is the casual agent of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

staph. aureus

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8
Q

what is the toxin produced by staph. aureus causing SSSS… skin syndrome

A

toxins produced by bacteria

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9
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of SSSS

A
  • cells of outer epidermis separate from one another and from underlying tissue
  • reddening and wrinkling of the skin
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10
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of SSSS

A

d- outer skin layers peel of in sheets
t- methichillin
p- difficult, bc its already in our body

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11
Q

what are the causal agents of impetigo(occurs most in children)and erysipelas (mostly in elderly)

A
  • staph. aureus

- strep. pyogenes

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12
Q

what is the gram reaction, cell shape and arrangement of strep. pyogenes

A

gram positive

spherical (coccus), chain

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13
Q

which virulence factors of step. pyogens hides the bacteria from phagocytes

A

hyaluronic acid capsule

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14
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of impetigo and erysipelas

A

small flat red patches on face and limbs that develop into pus filled vesicles (impetigo)
reddening of skin on face arms and legs (erysipelas)

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15
Q

if the infection spreads to lymph nodes, is it impetigo or erysipelas

A

erysipelas

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16
Q

what are the actions of the virulence factors of strep. pyogenes?

A

M. protein- destabilizes aomplement, interferes phagocytosis. Hyaluronic acid capsule - hides bacteria from phagocytosis
pyrogenic toxins-stimulates macrophages and Th cells to release cytokines, which then will trigger inflammation (fever producing)

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17
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of impetigo or erysipelas

A

d- presence of vesicles
t- penicillin
p- proper hygiene and cleanliness

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18
Q

what is the casual agent of necrotizing fasciitis? why is is called flesh eating?

A

pathogen: step. pyogens

- bc it will degrade the muscle for its nutrients and source of entry

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19
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis

A
  • severe pain and swelling
  • discoloration
  • large, dark boil-like blisters
  • visibly dead (necrotic) tissues
  • fever, nausea, and malaise
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20
Q

give the virulence factors of strep. pyogenes causing necrotizing fasciitis

A 
deoxyribonuclease- breaks down DNA
streptokinase-breaks blood clot
hyaluronidase-breaks hyaluronic acid 
exotoxin- inhibits proteins synthesis
streptolysin- lyse cells
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21
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of necrotizing fasciitis

A

d- early diagnosis is difficult bc of the symptoms, fast- acting
t- clindamycin, penicillin
p-difficult bc early diagnosis isnt detected quickly

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22
Q

what is the casual agent of acne

A

propionibacterium acnes

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23
Q

what is the gram reaction, cell shape and arrangement, and oxygen requirement of P. acnes

A

gram positive, tiny rods (bacilli), some strands are anaerobic

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24
Q

what is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acne

A

d-visual exam of the skin
t- doxycycline and benzol peroxide and others, clear light system
p-frequent cleaning of the skin

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25
Q

what is the casual agent of cat scratch disease

A

cartonelia nenselae

-transmitted by cat bites of scratches

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26
Q

what are the gram reactions, cell shape, and oxygen requirement of B. henselae

A

gram negative

aerobic

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27
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of cat scratch disease

A

fever and prolonged malaise

swelling at site of infection and lymph nodes

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28
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cat scratch disease

A

d-indirect fluorescent antibody test
t- azithromycin
p- avoid cat-inflicted wounds, cleaning of bites and scratches

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29
Q

what is the casual agent of pseudomonas infection

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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30
Q

what is the gram reaction and shape of P. aeruginosa

A

gram negative, rod shaped(bacilli)

31
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of pseudomonas infection

A

fever, chills, shock, and sometimes a green color due to pigment , pyocyanin

32
Q

give the action of the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa.

1. fimbriae 2. neuramidase 3. capsule 4. exotoxin and endotoxin 5. elastase 6. pyocyanin

A
  1. attachment
  2. enhances attachment
  3. attachment
  4. exo- inhibits protein sythesis, endo- pyrogen
  5. destroys elastin
  6. forms superoxide radicals and peroxide anions
33
Q

P. aeruginosa has several virulence factors but rarely cause a disease, why?

A

bc P. aeruginosa cannot penetrate skin that is intact

it can only effect burns, or cut skin

34
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Pseudomonas infection

A

d- pyocyanin discoloration
t- difficult
p- infection typically do not occur in healthy persons

35
Q

what is the casual agents of rocky mountain spotted fever

A

rickettsia rickettsii

36
Q

what are the gram reaction, and cell shape of R. richettsii

A 
gram negative
rod shaped (bacilli)
37
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of RMSF rocky..

A

non itchy spotted rash on trunk and appendages

*leaking of blood causes the spotted rash

38
Q

what is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of RMSF rocky

A

d- serological test
t- doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol(antibiotics)
p- use of repellents and avoid tick infested areas

39
Q

what is the casual agent of cutaneous anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis

40
Q

what are the gram reaction cell shape of B. anthracis

A

gram positive
rod shaped (bacilli)
facultative anaerobic

41
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of cutaneous anthrax

A

itching and lesion
eschal (coal black)
inflammation
death of cells

42
Q

how is cutaneous anthrax transmitted to humans?

A

direct skin contact

43
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cutaneous anthax

A

d- visual exam
t- ciprufloxacin, penicillin, erythromycin
p- vaccination of animals

44
Q

what is the casual agent of gas gangrene

A

clostridium perfringens

45
Q

what are the gram reaction, cell shape and oxygen requirements of gas gangrene

A

gram positive
rod shaped
anaerobic

46
Q

what are the symptoms and signs of gas gangrene

A

blackening of infected muscle and skin

presence of gas bubbles

47
Q

what are the virulence factors of C. perfringens

A

-endospores survive harsh condtions
-produce II toxins:
lyse RBC, WBC
increases vascular permeability
kill cells
reduce blood pressure

48
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gas gangrene

A

d- visual exam
t- surgery and administration of antitoxin & penicillin
p- proper cleaning of wounds

49
Q

what is the casual agent of small pox

A

variola virus

50
Q

how is small pox transmitted to humans

A

thru respiratory tract= systemic (inhalation)

51
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of small pox

A

rash and develops into papules, vesicles and the pustules

52
Q

what are the stages of poxvirus lesions?

A
  1. macule
  2. papule
  3. vesicle
  4. pustule
  5. crust
  6. scar
53
Q

what is the process of small pox

A

virus multiplies in lungs, then spreads to the live then the spleen and the rest of the body
2 weeks later there will be rashes on the skin

54
Q

what are the dianosis, treatment, and prevention of small pox

A

d- visual exam
t- no treatment
p- vaccination

55
Q

what is the causal agent of oral herpes lesions

A

eveloped ds linear DNA

56
Q

what are the two types of herpes

A

herpes simplex 1- oral

herpes simple 2- genital

57
Q

how is oral herpes lesions transmitted to humans

A

direst contact

58
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of fever blisters

A

painful, itchy lesions

59
Q

what are the sites of latency of HHSV-1 and HHSV-2

A

brachial ganglia
trigeminal nerve ganglia
sacral ganglial

60
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of herpes

A

d- visual exam of lesions and serological tests
t- no treatment, but it can be controlled by acyclouir ect
p- use of latex gloves, abstinence

61
Q

what is the casual agent of warts

A

papillomavirus

62
Q

how are warts transmitted in human body

A

contact and fomlites

63
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of warts

A

benign growth on the epithelium on the skin and mucous mem

64
Q

different kinds of warts…

A

seed warts- fingers/ toes
plantar- deep in soles of feet
flat- trunk, elbows
genital- external genitalia

65
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of warts

A

d- visual exam
t- removal of warts by various processes
p- sexual abstinence for genital warts

66
Q

what is the casual agent of chickenpox and shingles

A

varicella zoster virus

67
Q

how is chicken pox and shingles transmitted to humans

A

via inhalations (contact transmission)

68
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of chickenpox and shingles

A

lesions on back and trunk that spread

69
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chickenpox and shingles

A

d- visual exam of lesions
t- supportive therapy
p- vaccination (artificial active)

70
Q

what is the casual agent of red measles

A

rubeola virus

71
Q

how is red measles transmitted in humans

A

via inhalation

72
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of red measles

A

total body skin rash and flu like symptoms
fever
runny nose
cough
* presence of Koplik’s spots small red spots with blue-white centers inside the mouth

73
Q

what is the casual agent of German measles

A

rubella virus

74
Q

how is german measles transmitted in humans

A

inhalation

75
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of german measles

A

mild rash of pink red macules and fever
swollen lymph nodes
* mild disease in children

76
Q

what are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of german measles

A

d- visual exam and serological tests
t- supportive therapy
p- vaccination

Microbiology exam 3 (4 decks)

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