Chapter 18- the ear and eye

Question 1

EAR

Answer 1

s

Question 2

ear nerves

Answer 2

vestibulocochlear nerve
-vestibular branch and cochlear branch
facial nerve

Question 3

layers of ear

Answer 3

external ear
middle ear
inner ear

Question 4

external ear

Answer 4

visible portion of the ear
-collects and directs sound waves to eardrum
auricle
external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane

Question 5

auricle

Answer 5

facilitates passage of sound waves into ear

Question 6

tympanic membrane

Answer 6

transmits sound waves to middle ear

Question 7

middle ear

Answer 7

located in petrous portion of temporal bone

• amplifies and transmits sound waves to inner ear
• tympanic cavity
• auditory tube
• auditory ossicles

Question 8

tympanic cavity

Answer 8

air filled space

Question 9

auditory tube

Answer 9

connects middle ear with nasopharynx

Question 10

auditory ossicles

Answer 10

malleus
incus
stapes
-conduct vibrations to inner ear

Question 11

inner ear

Answer 11

• contains sensory organs for hearing and equilibrium
• cochlea (bony/membranous labrynth, cochlear duct, organ of corti)
• oval window
• round window
• vestibular complex (vestibule, utricle, saccule, semicircular canals (anterior, posterior, lateral)

Question 12

cochlea

Answer 12

contains sensory receptors for sound

-bondy and membranous labyrinth, cochlear duct, organ of corti

Question 13

oval window

Answer 13

small window in cochlear wall where base of stapes is attached

Question 14

round window

Answer 14

small opening in cochlear wall covered by thin membrane

Question 15

vestibular complex

Answer 15

provides equilibrium sensations

• consists of vestibule
• -containing urticle and saccule, semicircular canals (anterior, posterior, lateral)

Question 16

EYE

Answer 16

s

Question 17

eye glands, ducts, nerves

Answer 17

lacrimal gland
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct
optic nerve

Question 18

3 tunics

Answer 18

fibrous tunic
vascular tunic
neral tunic

Question 19

fibrous tunic

Answer 19

outermost, provides support, site of muscle attachment

• sclera (white of eye, insertion of extrinsic muscles)
• cornea (transparent cover over anterior portion of eye)

Question 20

vascular tunic

Answer 20

middle layer, contains blood vessels and intrinsic eye muscles

• iris
• ciliary body
• choroid

Question 21

iris

Answer 21

2 layers of smooth muscle that change the diameter of the pupil

• contains pigment cells that determine eye color
• pupil
• pupillary dilatory
• pupillary sphincter

Question 22

ciliary body

Answer 22

ciliary muscles- attach to lens
suspensory ligaments- connect ciliary muscles to lens
ora serrata
ciliary body contracts to change the shape of lens, extends posteriorly to the ora serrata

Question 23

neural tunic

Answer 23

innermost layer

• consists of 2 layers: pigmented layer which absorbs light and neural layer which contains visual receptors (rods and cones)
• fovea: highest concentration of cones found in center of macula lutea-site of sharpest vision
• optic disc ( blind spot): place where all axons converge and exit eye as optic nerve, no rods or cones here

Question 24

lens

Answer 24

• focuses visual image on retina

- divides eye into anterior and posterior cavities

Question 25

anterior vacity

Answer 25

anterior to lens

• divided into anterior and posterior chambers by iris
• filled with aqueous humor which forms a fluid cushion and transports nutrients and wastes

Question 26

posterior cavity

Answer 26

• posterior to lens

- filled with vitreous body (humor), a gelatinous mass which helps maintain shape of eye

Question 27

extrinsic eye muscles

Answer 27

superior and inferior oblique

superior, inferior, medial and lateral rectus