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Anatomy Lab > Chapter 10-Muscles > Flashcards

Chapter 10-Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth Region

A

s

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2
Q

Buccinator

A

Origin: alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible opposite the molar teeth
Insertion: blens into fibers of orbicularis oris
Action: compresses cheeks
Innervation: Facial Nerve (N 8)

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3
Q

Mentalis

A

Origin: incisive fossa of mandible
Insertion: skin of chin
Action: elevates, everts and protrudes lower lip

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4
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Origin: Maxila and mandible
Insertion: Lips
Action: compresses, purses lips

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5
Q

Risorius

A

Origin: fascia surrounding parotid salivary gland
Insertion: angle of mouth
Action: Draws corner of mouth laterally

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6
Q

Zygomaticus Major

A

Origin: zygomatic bone near the zygomaticotemporal suture
I: angle of mouth
A: elevates corner of mouth and draws it laterally

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7
Q

Eye

A

s

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8
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Origin: Medial margin of orbit
Insertion: skin around eyelids
Action: closes eye
Innervation: facial nerve (N 7)

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9
Q

Scalp

A

s

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10
Q

Occipitofrontalis: frontal belly

A

Origin:epicranial aponeurosis
Insertion: Skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose
Action: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

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11
Q

Occipitofrontalis: occipital belly

A

Origin: superior nuchal line and adjacent region of mastoid portion of the temporal bone
Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
Action: tenses and retracts scalp

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12
Q

Temporoparietalis

A

Origin: fascia around external ear
Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
Action: tenses scalp, moves auricle of ear

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13
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

s

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14
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surface and angle of mandibular ramus
Action: elevates mandible and closes jaws; assists in protracting and retracting mandible and moving mandible side to side
Innervation: trigeminal nerve (N 5), mandibular branch

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15
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: along temporal lines of skull
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible and the anterior border of the mandibular ramus
Action: along temporal lines of skull

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16
Q

Anterior muscles of neck

A

s

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17
Q

Digastric

A

Insertion: hyoid bone
Action: depresses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx

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18
Q

Digastric: anterior belly

A

origin: from inferior surface of mandible at chin
Insertion: hyoid bone
action: presses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx
innervation: trigeminal nerve (N 5), mandibular branch

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19
Q

digastric; posterior belly

A

origin: from mastoid region of temporal bone
insertion: hyoid bone
action: depresses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx
innervation: facial nerve (N 7)

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20
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Origin: medial surface of mandible at chin
Insertion: hyoid bone
Action: as above and retracts hyoid bone

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21
Q

mylohyoid

A

origin: mylohyoid line of mandible
insertion: median connective tissue band that runs to hyoid bone
action: elevates floor or mouth, elevates hyoid bone, and/or depresses mandible

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22
Q

sternohyoid

A

origin: clavicle and manubrium
Insertion: hyoid bone
Action: depresses hyoid bone and larynx
Innervation: cervical spinal nerves C1-C3

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23
Q

sternothyroid

A

origin: dorsal surface of manubrium and first costal cartilage
insertion: thyroid cartilage of larynx
action: depresses hyoid bone and larynx

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24
Q

sternocleidomastoid: clavicular head

A

origin: attaches to sternal end of clavical
insertion: mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Action: together, they flex the neck; alone one side bends neck toward shoulder and turns face to opposite side

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25
Q

sternocleidomastoid: sternal head

A

origin: attaches to sternal end of clavicle
Insertion: mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Action: together, they flex the neck; alone one side bends neck toward shoulder and turns face to opposite side

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26
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

origin: thyroid cartilage of larynx
Insertion: hyoid bone
action: elevates larynx, depresses hyoid bone

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27
Q

OBLIQUE GROUP

A

s

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28
Q

Thoracic region

A

external intercostals, internal intercostals

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29
Q

external intercostals

A

origin: inferior border of each rib
insertion: superior border of more inferior rib
Action: elevate ribs
Innervation: intercostal nerves (branches of thoracic spinal nerves)

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30
Q

internal intercostals

A

origin: superior border of each rib
insertion: inferior border of the more superior rib
action: depress ribs

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31
Q

Serratus posterior: inferior

A

origin: aponeurosis from spinous processes of T10-L3
insertion: inferior borders of ribs 9-12
action: pulls ribs inferiorly; also pulls outward, opposing diaphragm

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32
Q

Abdominal region

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus

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33
Q

external oblique

A

origin: external and inferior borders of ribs 5-12
insertion: external oblique aponeuroses extending to linea alba and iliac crest
action: compresses abdomen; depresses ribs; flexes, laterally flexes, or rotates vertebral column to opposite side

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34
Q

internal oblique

A

origin: thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, iliac crest
insertion: inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12, costal cartilages 8-10, linea alba, pubis
action: compresses abdomen; depresses ribs; flexes, laterally flexes, or rotates vertebral column to same side

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35
Q

transversus abdominus

A

origin: cartilages of ribs 6-12, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: linea alba and pubis
action: compresses abdomen

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36
Q

RECTUS GROUP

A

S

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37
Q

Diaphragm

A

origin: xiphoid process, ribs 7-12 and associated costal cartilages, and anterior surfaces of lumbar vertebrae
insertion: central tendinous sheet
action: contraction expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominopelvic cavity
innervation: phrenic nerves (C3-C5)

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38
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

origin: superior surface of pubis around symphysis
insertion: inferior surfaces of cartilages (ribs 5-7) and xiphoid process of sternum
action: depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen

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39
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Origin: anterior surfaces and superior margins of ribs 3-5 or 2-4 and the fascia covering the associated external intercostal muscles
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Action: depresses and protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves inferiorly (downward rotation); elevates ribs if scapula is stationary

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40
Q

Rhomboid major

A

origin: ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of vertebrae T2 to T5
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
Action: adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula

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41
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

origin: spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula
Action: adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula

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42
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

origin: anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8, 1-9, or 1-10
Insertion:anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
Action: protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly (upward rotation)

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43
Q

Subclavius

A

Origin: first rib
Insertion: Clavicle (inferior border of middle 1/3)
Action: Depresses and protracts shoulder

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44
Q

Trapezius

A

origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine)
Action: depends on active region and state of other muscles; may elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward and/or clavicle; can also extend neck when the position of the shoulder is fixed

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45
Q

muscles that position the pectoral girdle

A 
pectoralis minor
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
serratus anterior
subclavius
trapezius
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46
Q

muscles that move the arm

A

s

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47
Q

coracobrachialis

A

origin: coracoid process
insertion: medial margin of shaft of humerus
action: adduction and flexion at shoulder

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48
Q

deltoid

A

origin: clavicle and scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine)
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
action: whole muscle: abduction of shoulder; anterior part: flexion and medial rotation of humerus; posterior part: extension and lateral rotation of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve (C5-C7)

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49
Q

supraspinatus

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula

insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: abduction at shoulder
insertion: suprascapular nerve (C5)

50
Q

infraspinatus

A

origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: lateral rotation at shoulder

51
Q

subscapularis

A

origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
action: medial rotation at shoulder

52
Q

teres major

A

origin: inferior angle of scapula
insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
action: extension and medial rotation at shoulder

53
Q

teres minor

A

origin: lateral border of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: lateral rotation and adduction at shoulder

54
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

origin: spinous processes of inferior thoracic and all lubar and sacral vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
action: extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

55
Q

pectoralis major

A

origin: cartilages or ribs 2-6, body of sternum, and inferior, medial portion of clavicle
insertion: crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
action: flexion, adduction, medial rotation at shoulder
innervation: pectoral nerves (C5-T1)

56
Q

muscles that move the forearm and hand

A

s

57
Q

action at the elbow, flexors

A

s

58
Q

biceps brachii

A

origin:

  • short head from the coracoid process
  • long head from the supraglenoid tubercle (on scapula)
    insertion: radial tuberosity
    action: flexion at elbow and shoulder, supination
    innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
59
Q

brachialis

A

origin: distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus
insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process
action: flexion at elbow

60
Q

brachioradialis

A

origin: ridge superior to the lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: lateral aspect of styloid process of radius
action: flexion at elbow

61
Q

action at the elbow, extensors

A

s

62
Q

anconeus

A

origin: posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: lateral margin of olecranon and ulnar shaft
action: extension at elbow

63
Q

triceps brachii: lateral head

A

origin: superior, lateral margin of humerus
insertion: olecranon of ulna
action: extension at elbow
innervation: radial nerve (C6-C8)

64
Q

triceps brachii: long head

A

origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
insertion: olecranon of ulna
action: extension at elbow and extension/adduction at shoulder
innervation: radial nerve (C6-C8)

65
Q

triceps brachii: medial head

A

origin: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
insertion: olecranon of ulna
action: extension at elbow
innervation: radial nerve (C6-C8)

66
Q

action at the wrist, flexors

A

s

67
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: bases of second and third metacarpal bones
action: flexion and abduction at wrist

68
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; adjacent medial surface of olecranon and anteromedial portion of ulna
insertion: pisiform, hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal bone
action: flexion and adduction at wrist
innervation: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

69
Q

palmaris longus

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: palmar aponeurosis and flecor retinaculum
action: flexion at wrist

70
Q

action at the wrist, extensors

A

s

71
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

origin: lateral spracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion: base of second metacarpal bone
action: extension and abduction at wrist
innervation: radial nerve (C6-C7)

72
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: base of third metacarpal bone
action: extension and abduction at wrist

73
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus; adjacent dorsal surface of ulna
insertion: base of fifth metacarpal bone
action: extension and adduction at wrist

74
Q

action at the elbow, pronators/supinators

A

s

75
Q

pronator teres

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and cornoid process of ulna
insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius
action: pronates forearm and hand by medial rotation of radius at radioulnar joints and flexion of elbow

76
Q

supinator

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of ulna
insertion: anterolateral surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity
action: supinates forearm and hand by lateral rotation of radius at radioulnar joints

77
Q

muscles that move the hand and fingers

A

s

78
Q

extensor digitorum

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: posterior surfaces of the phalanges, digits 2-5
A: extension at finger joints and wrist

79
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna and adjacent anterior surfaces of ulna and radius
I: to bases of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexiion at proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joints
I: median nerve (C7-T1)

80
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

O: medial and posterior surfaces of ulna, medial surfaces of coronoid process, and interosseous membrane
I: bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexion at distal interphalangeal joints, and to a lesser degree, proximal interphalangeal joints and wrist

81
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

O: anterior shaft of radius, interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: flexion at joints of thumb

82
Q

Muscles that move the thigh: gluteal group

A

s

83
Q

Gluteus Maxiumus

A

O: iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, and lateral surface of ilium; sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar facia
I: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
A: extension and lateral rotation at hip; helps stabiliza the extended knee; abduction at the hip (superior fibers only)
I: inferior gluteal nerve: (L5-S2)

84
Q

gluteus medius

A

O: anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: abduction and medial rotation at hip

85
Q

gluteus minimus

A

O: lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of feumr
A: abduction and medial rotation at hip

86
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

O: iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine
I: iliotibial tract
A: abduction and medial rotation at hip; extension and lateral rotation at knee; tenses fasciae latae, which laterally supports the knee

87
Q

lateral rotator group of muscles that move thigh

A

s

88
Q

quadratus femoris

A

O: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest of femur
A: lateral rotation of hip

89
Q

piriformis

A

O: anterolateral surface of sacrum
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: lateral rotation and abduction of hip; help to maintain stability and integrity of the hip

90
Q

adductor group of hip muscles

A

s

91
Q

adductor longus

A

O:inferior ramus of pubis, anterior to adductor brevis
I: linea aspera of femur
A: adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip

92
Q

gracilis

A

O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condule
A: flexion and medial rotation at knee; adduction and medial rotation at hip
I: obturator nerve (L3-L4)

93
Q

iliopoas group of hip muscles

A

s

94
Q

iliacus

A

O: iliac fossa
I: femur distal to lesser trochanter; tendon fused with that of psoas major
A: flexion at hip and/or lumbar intervertebral joints

95
Q

muscles that move the leg: flexors of the knee

A

s

96
Q

biceps femoris

A

O: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
I: head of fibula, lateral condule of tibia
A: flexion at knee; extension and lateral rotation at hip

97
Q

semimembranosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior surface of medial condule of tibia
A: flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip
I: sciatic nerve (tibial portion, L5-S2)

98
Q

semitendanosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: proximal, medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity
A: flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip

99
Q

sartorius

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity
A: flexion at knee; abduction, flexion, and lateral rotation at hip
I: femoral nerve (L2-L3)

100
Q

popliteus

A

O: lateral condyle of femur
I: posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft
A: medial rotation of tibia (or lateral rotation of femur) at knee; flexion at knee

101
Q

Extensors of the knee

A

s

102
Q

rectus femoris

A

O: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee; flexion at hip
I: femoral nerve (L2-L4)

103
Q

vastus intermedius

A

O: anterolateral surface of femur and linea asperal (distal half)
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee

104
Q

vastus lateralis

A

O: anterior and inferior to greater trochanter of femur and along linea aspera (proximal half)
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee

105
Q

vastus medialis

A

O: entire length of linea aspera of femur
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee

106
Q

Extrinsic muscles that move the foot and toes: dorsiflexors

A

s

107
Q

tibialis anterior

A

O:lateral condule and proximal shaft of tibia
I: base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform
A: dorsiflexion at ankle; inversion of foot

108
Q

plantar flexors

A

s

109
Q

gastrocnemius

A

O: femoral condyles
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flexion at ankle; flexion at knee
I: tibial nerve (S1-S2)

110
Q

fibularis brevis

A

O: midlateral margin of fibula
I: base of fifth metatarsal bone
A: eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle

111
Q

fibularis longus

A

O: head and proximal shaft of fibula
I: base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform
A: eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle; supports longitudinal and transverse arches

112
Q

soleus

A

O: head and proximal shaft of fibula, and adjacent posteromedial shaf of tibia
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (with gastrocnemius)
A:plantar flexioin at ankle; postural muscle when standing

113
Q

tibialis posterior

A

O: interosseous membrane and adjacent shafts of tibia and fibula
I: navicular, all three cuneiforms, cuboid, second, third, fourth metatarsal bones
A: inversion of foot; plantar flexion at ankle

114
Q

digital flexors

A

s

115
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

O: posteromedial surface of tibia
I: inferior surface of distal phalangesk, toes 2-5
A: flexion of joints of toes 2-5; plantar flexes ankle

116
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

O: posterior surface of fibula
I:inferior surface, distal phalanx of great toe
A: flexion at joints of great toe; plantar flexes ankle

117
Q

digital extensors

A

s

118
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

O: lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula
I: superior surfaces of phalanges, toes 2-5
A: extension of toes 2-5; dorsiflexes ankle
I: deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)

119
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

O: anterior surface of fibula
I:superior surface, distal phalanx of great toe
A: extension at joints of great toe; dorsiflexes ankle

120
Q

Be able to locate muscles

A
  • omohyoid
  • cricothyroid
  • erector spinae group
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • psoas major
121
Q

rotator cuff is

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor

Anatomy Lab (18 decks)

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