Chapter 18 - specialized propogation Flashcards
bulbs
Underground structure produced mainly by monocots. Has a short modified stem enclosed in fleshy leaves (scales) modified for food storage.
corms
Underground rounded stem consisting of compacted nodes with lateral buds. Corms are replaced each growth cycle by new corm on top or to the side of the old.
tubers
Swollen underground stem modified for food storage with easily distinguished nodes and buds. Similar to corms except for lateral orientation.
tuberous root
Enlarged fleshy root with shoots produced at one end and roots at the other. Biennial structure.
rhizomes
Specialized stem that grows horizontally at or just below the ground. ginger
pseudobulbs
Above-ground, enlarged stem with several nodes. Produced by orchids.
division
division a type of clonal propagation that involves cutting or dividing the plant into sections with stems and roots.
What are geophytes?
Types of plants that survive part of their annual life cycle as a dormant, fleshy, underground structure.
Bulbs mainly consists of _____________ with a small amount of ________ at the base?
bulb scales.
unexpanded flowering shoot
Bulblets develop from _____________?
meristems/basal plate in the center of the bulb
seperation
separation a type of clonal propagation that utilizes detachable structures on the plant as propagules.
non-tunicate bulbs?
A type of bulb structure in which scales are fleshy, separate, and not enclosed in a membranous layer.
tunicate bulbs?
A type of bulb scale characterized by concentric layers of fleshy tissue.
What is vernalization
The biological process in which flower primordia are induced by exposure to a period of chilling.
What is stratification?
venalisation of seeds not leaf primordia.
What is scaling
A propagation procedure in which individual scales are removed and placed under appropriate conditions to cause the formation of adventitious bulblets.
What is basal cuttage?
The practice of cutting into the base of a bulb to stimulate adventitious bulblet formation on the base of scales.
What is scooping?
The basal cuttage carried out by cutting away the basal plant with a special scoop-like device.
A corm consists mainly of (>95%) _________, with a small percentage of ______ tissue on the outside.
storage tissue composed of parenchyma cells.
dry leaf bases known as a tunic,
What are seed potatoes?
smaller potato tubers
What is a cormel?
A miniature corm produced on a short stolon from the base of a corm.
tuber suberization
The formation of suberin on the cut surface of a potato tuber as a wound-healing process.
