Chapter 18 - specialized propogation

Question 1

bulbs

Answer 1

Underground structure produced mainly by monocots. Has a short modified stem enclosed in fleshy leaves (scales) modified for food storage.

Question 2

corms

Answer 2

Underground rounded stem consisting of compacted nodes with lateral buds. Corms are replaced each growth cycle by new corm on top or to the side of the old.

Question 3

tubers

Answer 3

Swollen underground stem modified for food storage with easily distinguished nodes and buds. Similar to corms except for lateral orientation.

Question 4

tuberous root

Answer 4

Enlarged fleshy root with shoots produced at one end and roots at the other. Biennial structure.

Question 5

rhizomes

Answer 5

Specialized stem that grows horizontally at or just below the ground. ginger

Question 6

pseudobulbs

Answer 6

Above-ground, enlarged stem with several nodes. Produced by orchids.

Question 7

division

Answer 7

division a type of clonal propagation that involves cutting or dividing the plant into sections with stems and roots.

Question 8

What are geophytes?

Answer 8

Types of plants that survive part of their annual life cycle as a dormant, fleshy, underground structure.

Question 9

Bulbs mainly consists of _____________ with a small amount of ________ at the base?

Answer 9

bulb scales.

unexpanded flowering shoot

Question 10

Bulblets develop from _____________?

Answer 10

meristems/basal plate in the center of the bulb

Question 11

seperation

Answer 11

separation a type of clonal propagation that utilizes detachable structures on the plant as propagules.

Question 12

non-tunicate bulbs?

Answer 12

A type of bulb structure in which scales are fleshy, separate, and not enclosed in a membranous layer.

Question 13

tunicate bulbs?

Answer 13

A type of bulb scale characterized by concentric layers of fleshy tissue.

Question 14

What is vernalization

Answer 14

The biological process in which flower primordia are induced by exposure to a period of chilling.

Question 15

What is stratification?

Answer 15

venalisation of seeds not leaf primordia.

Question 16

What is scaling

Answer 16

A propagation procedure in which individual scales are removed and placed under appropriate conditions to cause the formation of adventitious bulblets.

Question 17

What is basal cuttage?

Answer 17

The practice of cutting into the base of a bulb to stimulate adventitious bulblet formation on the base of scales.

Question 18

What is scooping?

Answer 18

The basal cuttage carried out by cutting away the basal plant with a special scoop-like device.

Question 19

A corm consists mainly of (>95%) _________, with a small percentage of ______ tissue on the outside.

Answer 19

storage tissue composed of parenchyma cells.

dry leaf bases known as a tunic,

Question 20

What are seed potatoes?

Answer 20

smaller potato tubers

Question 21

What is a cormel?

Answer 21

A miniature corm produced on a short stolon from the base of a corm.

Question 22

tuber suberization

Answer 22

The formation of suberin on the cut surface of a potato tuber as a wound-healing process.