Chapter 18 - Key Vocabs Flashcards
Adrenal cortex
- Outer section of each adrenal gland
2. Secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
Adrenal medulla
- Inner section of each adrenal gland
2. Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
Ovaries
- Located in the lower abdomen of female
2. Responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion
Pancreas
- Located behind the stomach
2. Contains exocrine function. Secretes an enzyme to aid in digestion
Parathyroid glands
4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland
Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
- Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica
2. Often called “master gland” because it controls all hormones
Testes
- Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male
2. Responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion
Thyroid gland
- Located in the neck on either side of the trachea
2. Secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin
Adrenaline
- Secreted by the adrenal medulla
2. Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Adrenocortico-tropic hormone (ACTH)
- Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
2. Stimulates adrenal cortex and increases the secretion of steroid hormones, mainly cortisol.
Aldosterone
- Secreted by the adrenal cortex
2. Increases salt reabsorption and excretes potassium
Androgen
Male hormone secreted by the testes and adrenal cortex
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
2. Increases reabsorption of water by kidney and increases blood pressure
Calcitonin
- Secreted by the thyroid gland
2. Decreases blood calcium levels
Cortisol
- Secreted by the adrenal cortex
2. Increases blood sugar
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Secreted by the adrenal medulla
2. Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Estradiol
Estrogen secreted by the ovaries
Estrogen
Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and adrenal cortex
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
2. Stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by ovaries, and sperm production by testes
Glucagons
- Secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas
2. Increases blood sugar
Growth Hormone (GH); somatotropin
- Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
2. Stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues
Insulin
- Secreted by beta islet cells of pancreas
2. Helps glucose pass into cells and promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen
Luteinizing Hormone
- Secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary lobe
2. Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males
Norepinephrine
- Secreted by the adrenal medulla
2. Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Oxytocin (OT)
- Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
2. Stimulates contraction of uterus during labor and childbirth
Parathormone (PTH)
- Secreted by parathyroid glands
2. Increases blood calcium
Progesterone
- Secreted by the ovaries
2. Prepares the uterus for pregnancy
Prolactin (PRL)
- Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
2. Promotes milk secretion
Somatrotropin (STH)
- Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
2. Growth hormone
Testosterone
Male hormone secreted by the testes
