Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Anat & Phys. 2 > Chapter 18 Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Heart Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Heart location

A

Medastinum, 2/3 left of the midsternal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Heart Structure

A

Fist sized
Apex pointing inferiorly
Base pointing superiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pericardium

A

Double walled sac enclosing the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Loose fitting superficial membrane of tough dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Serous pericardium

A

Thin slippery inner membrane. 2 layers: parietal layer and visceral layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parietal later of serous pericardium

A

Lines the internal layer of fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

Deeper layer, outer wall of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Between the layers of serous pericardium. Contains serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heart wall layers

A

Epicardium- visceral layer of Serous pericardium

Myocardium- Mostly cardiac muscle, bulk of heart wall

Endocardium- simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Right atrium

A

Receives blood from Vena Cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Right ventricle

A

Pumps blood to pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Blood to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Left atrium

A

Oxygen rich blood from pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Relieve oxygen rich blood from lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Left ventricle

A

Pumps blood to aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aorta

A

Delivers oxygen rich blood to body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Septum

A

Partition dividing the heart longitudinally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Auricles

A

Small wrinkled appendages increasing atrial volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atrioventricular grooves ( Coronary Sulcus)

A

Seperate atria and ventricles; coronary vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Interventricular sulci

A

Grooves on outer surface of inter ventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

Muscle bundles on the internal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

Shallow depression in interstitial septum. Remnant of foremen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum

A

Between pulmonary trunk and aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Trabeculae carneae

A

Irregular muscle ridges in ventricular chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Cordae tendinae
Collagen tendons anchoring the atrioventricular (AV) valve cusps to the papillary muscles
25
Papillary muscles
Cone like muscle fibers attached to inner ventricles
26
Atrioventricular valves (Blood From Atrium)
Tricuspid- Right valve, 3 cusps | Bicuspid(Mitral)- left valve, 2 cusps
27
Semilunar valves
Aortic SL valve- Left Ventricle | Pulmonary SL valve- Right ventricle
28
Pathway of blood | Pulmonary Circuit
Right ventricle pumps blood to pulmonary trunk, which carries it to lungs for gas exchange. Left Atrium receives oxygen rich blood from 4 pulmonary veins.
29
Pathway of Blood | Systemic circuit
Left ventricle pumps blood out the aorta to the body and heart. Aorta (thanks to branches) sends blood to body. Right atrium receives carbon dioxide blood from vena cava.
30
Thicken myocardium in what chamber?
Left ventricle bc of hardest work
31
Capillary beds
Gas exchange location in lungs
32
Coronary circulation | Arterial supply
From ascending aorta to coronary arteries: Left CA to Anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery. Right CA to posterior interventricular artery and marginal artery
33
Middle cardiac vein
Posterior interventricular sulcus
34
Great cardiac vein
Anterior interventricular sulcus
35
Coronary sinus
Confluence of all coronary veins in the sulcus that dumps blood to right atrium
36
Angina pectoris
Pain in chest from lack of oxygen; | Weakened muscle not dead
37
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack; prolonged blockage of blood supply
38
Shape of cardiac muscle
Short fat and branching (interconnected)
39
Intercalculating disc
Junction btw branching cardiac cells that contain desmosomes and gap junctions
40
Desmosomes
Hold fiber cells together
41
Gap junctions
Allow action potential to conduct btw fibers
42
Because if interconnecting fibers and intercalculated discs, cardiac muscle functions as a..
Unit
43
Mitochondria is more numerous in
Cardiac muscle than skeletal
44
Cardiac Muscle Energy Source
Aerobic respiration Mitochondria reflecting aerobic resp Fuels: glucose, fatty acids,lactic acid
45
Action Potential of Myocardium contractile fibers
Depolarization Plateau Repolarization
46
Depolarization
1. Autorhythenic cells stimulate. Fast sodium channels open, leading to rapid depolarization 2. Slow calcium channels open, getting Ca++ 3. Sodium Channels close
47
Plateau
Slow calcium channels remain opened prolonging depolarizing
48
Repolarization
Calcium channels close, potassium channels remain open so potassium leaves
49
Myocardial Contraction Duration vs Skeletal
Much longer because of plateau of action potential (200msec vs 14-100)
50
Absolute refactory period
Greater than the contraction duration; prevents frequency wave summation and fatigue
51
Pacemaker potentials
Unstable resting potentials; | Constantly drift to threshold and AP
52
Fast opening calcium channels
Influx of calcium causes depolarization | No plateau
53
Repolarization Short
Calcium permeability decreases | Potassium increases
54
Sinoatrial Node
75 beats/min; Pacemaker Btw vena cava and right atrium
55
Atrioventricular node
40-60 Bpm | Inferior portion of interatrial septum
56
Atrioventricular bundle
Connection between atria and ventricles
57
Bundle branches
Right and left | Down interventricular septum to apex
58
Purkinje fibers
20-35 bpm | Spread superiorly into ventricular walls
59
Electrocardiogram
Recording of electrical activity in chest due to profiting AP in heart
60
P wave
Atrial depolarization
61
QRS Wave
Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
62
T wave
Ventricular repolarization
63
P-Q interval
Atrial contraction occurs
64
S-T. Segment
Ventricular contraction
65
Arrhythmias
Irregular heart rhythm
66
Fibrillation
Rapid partial contractions | Need defibrillation to reset the pace
67
Cardiac cycle
1. Atrial systole 2. Ventricular systole 3. Ventricular diastole
68
Atrial systole
Atrial contraction | Atrial blood > ventricle
69
Ventricular contraction
Isovolumetric contraction- AV valves close, builds pressure Ventricular ejection- pressure makes SL valves open; blood out
70
Ventricular diastole (relaxing)
a. Lower pressure, all valves close | b. AV valves open, filling ventricles
71
Heart sounds
When valves close AV Valve- Lubb SL Valve- Dub
72
Incompetent valve
Valve doesn't close all the way, makes heart work harder
73
Valvular Stenosis
Valve doesn't open all the way, increased pressure
74
End Systolic Volume ESR
After systole, 50mL remaining
75
End diastolic volume
After filling, 120mL of blood in ventricle
76
Stroke volume
70mL
77
Cardiac output
Stroke volume X heart rate

Human Anat & Phys. 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions