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Human Anat & Phys. 2 > Chapter 17 Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Blood Flashcards

0
Q

Plasma hematocrit range

A

55%

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1
Q

Erythrocytes hematocrit range

A

37-52%

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2
Q

Buffy coat hematocrit range

A

1% (Carries WBCs and Platelets)

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3
Q

Functions of Blood (6)

A 
Distribution
Thermoregulation
pH Homeostasis
Fluid Volume
Clotting
Infection Protection
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4
Q

Composition of Plasma

A

90% Water, Proteins (Albumin, Antibodies, clotting proteins), nutrients, electrolytes, wastes, gasses

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5
Q

Erythrocyte Structure

A

Anucleate (No nucleus and some organelles)
Biconcave
Hemoglobin

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6
Q

Hemoglobin structure

A

Globin- 4 Polypeptide chains
(2 alpha and 2 beta)
Heme- iron containing compound
One for every chain

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7
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

One molecule of oxygen per iron in each heme

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8
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin.

A

Carbon dioxide binds with the peptide globin

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9
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood Cell formation

Occurs in red bone

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10
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell (Hemocytoblast)

A

All formed elements come from it

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11
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Formation of RBCs

Proerythroblast>Erythroblast>Normoblast>Reticulocytes>Erythrocytes

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12
Q

Fate of Erythrocytes

A

Life span up to 120 days
Spleen- RBCs consumed by macrophages
Globulin- break down to amino acids
Everything recycled

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13
Q

Anemia and types

A

Low oxygen carrying capacity
Reduction in RBCs
Low Hemoglobin
Abnormal Hemoglobin/RBCs

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14
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells.

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

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15
Q

Granulocytes

A

Granules in cytoplasm

Neutrophils- Pale
Eosinophils- Red/Orange
Basophils- Purple

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16
Q

Agranulocytes

A

No granules

Lymphocyte- Smallest w/ big nucleus
Monocytes- Largest, Kidney Nucleus

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17
Q

Leukopoeisis

A

Interleukins - hormones to stimulate production.

Hematopoietic stem cells to either lymphoid or myeloid stem cells

18
Q

Lymphoid stem cells

A

Become lymphocytes

19
Q

Myeloid stem cells

A

Become all other WBCs and platelets

20
Q

Leukocytosis

A

More than 11k WBCs/ mm3

Occurs after hours of infection

21
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancerous, high amount of immature cells

22
Q

Platelets

A

Blue stained fragments from megakaryocytes

23
Q

Platelet formation

A

Megakaryoblast undergoes mitosis without total cytokinesis, releases fragments (platelets)

24
Q

Hemostasis

A

Stoppage of bleeding

25
Q

Steps of hemostasis

A
  1. Vascular spasm
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Blood clotting (Coagulation)
26
Q

Vascular spasm

A

Smooth muscle vasoconstriction, decreasing blood loss

27
Q

Platelet plug formation.

A

Platelets stick to exposed underlying collagen fibers, releasing chemicals to attract more

28
Q

Blood clotting (Coagulation)

A
  1. Intrinsic or extrinsic pathway
  2. Prothrombin converts to thrombin, which acts on fibrinogen(liquid protein), converting to fibrin which makes mesh to catch formed elements
  3. Clot retraction- proteins in platelet squeeze out serum to compact the clot
29
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

An enzyme digests the fibrin strands leading to repair.

30
Q

Thrombus

A

Clot occurring and persists in an unbroken blood vessel

31
Q

Embolus

A

Clot that breaks free into bloodstream

32
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelet count, causing spontaneous bleeding of small blood vessels

33
Q

Impaired digestive function

A

Coagulants not produced by the liver

34
Q

Hemophilia

A

Hereditary disorder where clotting factors aren’t synthesized

35
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Found on some RBC membranes

36
Q

Antibodies in plasma

A

Attack the antigens

37
Q

AB blood

A

A and B antigens, no antibodies

Universal recipients

38
Q

A blood

A

A antigen , B antibodies (Anti-B)

39
Q

B blood

A

B antigen, A antibody (Anti-A)

40
Q

O Blood

A

No antigens and A and B antibodies

Universal donor

41
Q

Rh positive

A

Contains Rh antigen, no antibodies

42
Q

Rh negative

A

No Rh antigen, forms antibodies when exposed

43
Q

Hemolytic disease of newborns

A

Baby’s Rh- blood makes moms Rh+ blood to make antibodies, attacking another baby’s Rh+ blood

Human Anat & Phys. 2 (5 decks)

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