Chapter 17 Blood

Question 0

Plasma hematocrit range

Answer 0

55%

Question 1

Erythrocytes hematocrit range

Answer 1

37-52%

Question 2

Buffy coat hematocrit range

Answer 2

1% (Carries WBCs and Platelets)

Question 3

Functions of Blood (6)

Answer 3

Distribution
Thermoregulation
pH Homeostasis
Fluid Volume
Clotting
Infection Protection

Question 4

Composition of Plasma

Answer 4

90% Water, Proteins (Albumin, Antibodies, clotting proteins), nutrients, electrolytes, wastes, gasses

Question 5

Erythrocyte Structure

Answer 5

Anucleate (No nucleus and some organelles)
Biconcave
Hemoglobin

Question 6

Hemoglobin structure

Answer 6

Globin- 4 Polypeptide chains
(2 alpha and 2 beta)
Heme- iron containing compound
One for every chain

Question 7

Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 7

One molecule of oxygen per iron in each heme

Question 8

Carbaminohemoglobin.

Answer 8

Carbon dioxide binds with the peptide globin

Question 9

Hematopoiesis

Answer 9

Blood Cell formation

Occurs in red bone

Question 10

Hematopoietic stem cell (Hemocytoblast)

Answer 10

All formed elements come from it

Question 11

Erythropoiesis

Answer 11

Formation of RBCs

Proerythroblast>Erythroblast>Normoblast>Reticulocytes>Erythrocytes

Question 12

Fate of Erythrocytes

Answer 12

Life span up to 120 days
Spleen- RBCs consumed by macrophages
Globulin- break down to amino acids
Everything recycled

Question 13

Anemia and types

Answer 13

Low oxygen carrying capacity
Reduction in RBCs
Low Hemoglobin
Abnormal Hemoglobin/RBCs

Question 14

Leukocytes

Answer 14

White blood cells.

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

Question 15

Granulocytes

Answer 15

Granules in cytoplasm

Neutrophils- Pale
Eosinophils- Red/Orange
Basophils- Purple

Question 16

Agranulocytes

Answer 16

No granules

Lymphocyte- Smallest w/ big nucleus
Monocytes- Largest, Kidney Nucleus

Question 17

Leukopoeisis

Answer 17

Interleukins - hormones to stimulate production.

Hematopoietic stem cells to either lymphoid or myeloid stem cells

Question 18

Lymphoid stem cells

Answer 18

Become lymphocytes

Question 19

Myeloid stem cells

Answer 19

Become all other WBCs and platelets

Question 20

Leukocytosis

Answer 20

More than 11k WBCs/ mm3

Occurs after hours of infection

Question 21

Leukemia

Answer 21

Cancerous, high amount of immature cells

Question 22

Platelets

Answer 22

Blue stained fragments from megakaryocytes

Question 23

Platelet formation

Answer 23

Megakaryoblast undergoes mitosis without total cytokinesis, releases fragments (platelets)

Question 24

Hemostasis

Answer 24

Stoppage of bleeding

Question 25

Steps of hemostasis

Answer 25

1. Vascular spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood clotting (Coagulation)

Question 26

Vascular spasm

Answer 26

Smooth muscle vasoconstriction, decreasing blood loss

Question 27

Platelet plug formation.

Answer 27

Platelets stick to exposed underlying collagen fibers, releasing chemicals to attract more

Question 28

Blood clotting (Coagulation)

Answer 28

1. Intrinsic or extrinsic pathway 2. Prothrombin converts to thrombin, which acts on fibrinogen(liquid protein), converting to fibrin which makes mesh to catch formed elements 3. Clot retraction- proteins in platelet squeeze out serum to compact the clot

Question 29

Fibrinolysis

Answer 29

An enzyme digests the fibrin strands leading to repair.

Question 30

Thrombus

Answer 30

Clot occurring and persists in an unbroken blood vessel

Question 31

Embolus

Answer 31

Clot that breaks free into bloodstream

Question 32

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 32

Low platelet count, causing spontaneous bleeding of small blood vessels

Question 33

Impaired digestive function

Answer 33

Coagulants not produced by the liver

Question 34

Hemophilia

Answer 34

Hereditary disorder where clotting factors aren't synthesized

Question 35

Glycoproteins

Answer 35

Found on some RBC membranes

Question 36

Antibodies in plasma

Answer 36

Attack the antigens

Question 37

AB blood

Answer 37

A and B antigens, no antibodies | Universal recipients

Question 38

A blood

Answer 38

A antigen , B antibodies (Anti-B)

Question 39

B blood

Answer 39

B antigen, A antibody (Anti-A)

Question 40

O Blood

Answer 40

No antigens and A and B antibodies | Universal donor

Question 41

Rh positive

Answer 41

Contains Rh antigen, no antibodies

Question 42

Rh negative

Answer 42

No Rh antigen, forms antibodies when exposed

Question 43

Hemolytic disease of newborns

Answer 43

Baby's Rh- blood makes moms Rh+ blood to make antibodies, attacking another baby's Rh+ blood