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Goljan > Chapter 18 - GI tract > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

Paraneoplastic syndroms producing PTHrp and so hypercalcemia

A
  1. SCC of the lung

2. SCC of the esophagus

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2
Q

Which type of ulcers are associated with MEN I?

A

Duodenal

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3
Q

Mumps: possible presentations

A
  1. Bilateral inflamed parotid glands
  2. Orchitis
  3. Pancreatitis
  4. Aseptic meningitis
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4
Q

Microb in sialadenitis

A

S. aureus

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5
Q

DDx: glossitis

A
  1. Scarlet fever (S. pyogenes)
  2. EBV-associated hairy leukoplakia
  3. Long standing iron deficiency
  4. vitB12/folate deficiency
  5. Scurvy (vitC def)
  6. Pellagra (vitB3 def)
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6
Q

Other findings that a patient with DM may present

A
  1. Candidiasis
  2. Autonomic neuropathy-> gastroparesis
  3. Anal pruritus
  4. Cataracts
  5. Malignant external otitis
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7
Q

Behcet s. may be precipitated by which 2 infections?

A
  1. HSV or

2. Parvovirus

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8
Q

Behcet s. is due to … small vessel vasculitis

A

Immune complex

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9
Q

DDx: Macroglossia

A
  1. Severe hypothyroidism: myxedema
  2. Down s.
  3. Acromegaly
  4. Systemic amyloidosis
  5. Mucosal neuromas (MEN IIb)
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10
Q

Causes of erythroplakia/leukoplakia

A
  1. Chronic irritation (dentures)
  2. Tobacco
  3. Alcohol
  4. HPV
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11
Q

Major risk factor for SCC of the oral cavity

A

HPV

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12
Q

In Sjogren s., … glands and … glands are affected

A
  1. Minor salivary

2. Lacrimal

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13
Q

Patient presents with asthma at the age of 45. This is the first onset of asthma. He mentions no familial history of asthma. DIAGNOSIS NOW

A

Think of GERD!

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14
Q

DDx: dysphagia for solids only

A

Think of obstructive lesion.

  1. Esophageal CA
  2. Esophageal web (eg. Plummer Vinson)
  3. Stricture (eg. due to GERD-> ulceration-> stricture)
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15
Q

DDx: dysphagia for solids and liquids

A

Think of motility disorder.

  1. Achalasia
  2. Progressed esophageal CA
  3. Smooth muscle dysmotility (eg. dermatomyositis, myasthenia gravis, stroke)
  4. Systemic sclerosis
  5. CREST s.
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16
Q

VATER (VACTERL) syndrome. Please tell me what each letter stands for.

A 
V: Vertebral abnormalities
A: Anorectal (usually anal atresia)
C: Cardiac abnormalities
TE: Tracheoesophageal fistula
R: Renal disease & absent Radius
L: Limb abnormalities
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17
Q

Location of Zenker diverticulum and area of weakness.

A

It is located in the upper esophagus, above the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), at the junction of the esophagus and pharynx.
The area of weakness is the cricopharyngeus muscle.

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18
Q

DDx: Early satiety

A
  1. Gastric ca (esp diffuse type)

2. Gastroparesis

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19
Q

Way of transmission of H. pylori

A
  1. Fecal-oral

2. Oral-oral

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20
Q

H pylori attaches to … receptors on mucosal cells of stomach

A

Blood group O

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21
Q

Which artery usually bleeds in a gastric ulcer?

A

Left gastric

22
Q

Which artery usually bleeds in a posterior duodenal ulcer?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

23
Q

Blood group A people are likely to have … ulcer

A

Gastric

24
Q

Blood group O people are likely to have … ulcer

A

Duodenal

25
Q

MEN I is associated with … ulcers

A

duodenal

26
Q

PUD with diarrhea, with no history of H pylori or NSAIDS is indicative of …

A

ZE syndrome

27
Q

In gastric ulcers, BAO and MAO are …

A

Normal to decreased

28
Q

Which is the 2nd MC site of gastric adenoCA of intestinal type?

A

Cardia

first: lesser curvature

29
Q

Why colon is black during chronic use of laxatives?

A

Bowel is black because of an icrease in submucosal macrophages with lipofuscin pigment

30
Q

Type for stool osmotic gap

A

SOG= 300 - 2x(random stool Na + random stool K)

31
Q

MCC of adult gastroenteritis?

A

Nirovurus (Norwalk)

32
Q

MCC of childhood diarrhea?

A

Rotavirus

33
Q

Patient with an infection of 2 wks, now presents with bradycardia, neutropenia and splenomegaly. He has diarrhea. What is his infection?

A

S. typhi

34
Q

Why ZE syndrome can present with malabsorption?

A

Because excess acid interferes with pancreatic enzyme activity

35
Q

Dermatitis herpetoformis in…

A

Celiac d

36
Q

Associations of celiac d

A
  1. Dermatitis herpetoformis
  2. Hashimoto
  3. PBC
  4. DM type 1
  5. IgA def
  6. Down s
  7. Turner s
37
Q

Other findings in celiac d

A

Osteoporosis, arthritis, seizures, depression, delayed puberty, miscarriages, infertility, small bowel ca, T-cell lymphoma(EATL)

38
Q

Infectious esophagitis. Tell me everything you know about it.

A

Usually complication of AIDS. Pathogens:
HSV, CMV, Candida.
Presents as odynophagia.

39
Q

Chagas disease. 2 effects in GI tract

A
  1. Achalasia

2. Hirsprung d.

40
Q

DDx: heartburn

A
  1. GERD
  2. Hiatal hernia (sliding)
  3. Achalasia
  4. ZE syndrome
41
Q

Diagnosis: patient with dysphagia for solids and liquids, frequent hiccups and difficulty belching.

A

Achalasia

42
Q

What other disease except RA, targets the synovium of the joints?

A

Whipple d. !

43
Q

“Thumbprint sign” on radiograph

A

Acute ischemia of small bowel or ischemic colitis. This sign is due to edema in bowel wall

44
Q

Associations of sigmoid colon diverticular disease

A

Marfan s
Ehlers-Danlos s
APKD

45
Q

Which is the most common IBD?

A

UC

46
Q

Which is the MC site of carcinoid tumor?

A 
Vermiform appendix (40%) . 
Usually too small (
47
Q

Which is the MC primary site of carcinoid tumor that gives carcinoid syndrome?

A

Terminal ileum

48
Q

DDx: facial telangiectasia

A
  1. Osler-Rendu-Weber
  2. Carcinoid s
  3. Cirrhosis (spider angiomata)
49
Q

In FAP, what type of polyps are present?

A

Tubular

50
Q

2 primary pathogens in acute appendicitis

A
  1. E coli (MC)

2. Bacteroides fragilis

51
Q

Αιτια λοιμωδους κολιτιδας (dysentery)

A

Campylobacter
Shigella
E coli
Entamoeba histolytica (κ.α.)

Goljan (10 decks)

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