Chapter 18 Endocrine System Flashcards
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aden/o
gland
adenitis-inflammation of a gland
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adrenal/o
adrenal gland
adrenalectomy- surgical removal of the adrenal gland (s)
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gonad/o sex glands (ovaries and testes)
ginadotropin-any of a group of hormones like FSH or LH secreted by the activity of the gonads
hypogonadism-deficiency of gonadotropins can produce hypogonadism
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pancreat/o
pancreas
pancreatectomy-surgical removal of
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parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
parathyroidectomy-surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands ( treatment for hyperthyroidism)
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pituitar/o
pituitary gland; hypophysis
hypopituitarism-condition of pituitary dwarfism due to the diminished hormone secretion causing dwarfism in children and adults
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thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
thyrotropic hormone-a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a thyrotropic hormone secreted by the PG
thyroiditis-inflammation may result f/a bacterial or viral infection, or an autoimmune reaction.
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andr/o
male
androgen-are produced by the testes in males and by the adrenal cortex in males and females
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calc/o, calci/o
calcium
hypercalcemia-a blood condition of excessive calcium
hypocalcemia-a blood condition of too little calcium
hypercalciuria-excessive calcium in the urine
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cortic/o
cortex, outer region
corticosteroid-any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex. Glucocorticoid & Mineralocorticoid. They have various metabolic functions, some are used for inflammation.
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crin/o
secrete
endocrinologist-specialist who treats and studies the endocrine system
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dips/o
thirst
polydipsia-poly=many or increased. Uncontrolled diabetes (mellitus or insipidus) causes increased thirst
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estr/o
female
estrogenic-pertaining to the female sex hormone
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gluc/o
sugar
glucagon-(argon=assemble or gather together) Glucagon raises blood sugar by stimulating its release from glycogen into the bloodstream.
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glyc/o
sugar
hyperglycemia-a blood condition of excessive sugar
glycemic- pertaining to a patient with diabetes mellitus requires glycemic control
glycogen-is animal starch that can be converted to glucose by the liver. Glucagon promotes glycogenolysis
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home/o
sameness, balance
homeostasis-condition of controlling, sameness & balance
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kal/i
potassium
hypokalemia-a blood condition of low potassium, can occur in dehydration and with excessive vomiting and diarrhea. The heart is particularly sensitive to potassium loss
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lact/o
milk
prolactin-substance of milk produced in the pituitary gland
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myx/o
mucus
myxedema-advanced hypothyroidism in adults. Atrophy of the thyroid gland and practically no hormone is produced. The skin becomes dry with edema due to the “mucus-like” material under the skin.
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Natr/o
sodium
hyponatremia-a blood condition of low sodium
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phys/o
growing
hypophysectomy-a surgical removal of of the hydrophysis (pituitary gland)
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somat/o
body
somatotropin-growth hormone
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ster/o
solid structure
steroid-complex, solid, ring shaped molecule resembles a sterol (such as cholesterol) many hormones (androgens, estrogens, glucorticoids; and mineralocorticoids) are steroids
toc/o
childbirth
oxytocin-oxy=rapid, sharp or acute. A hormone that can strengthen labor contractions
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toxic/o
poisons
thyrotoxicosis- abnormal condition caused by excessive thyroid gland activity and oversecretion of thyroid hormone. Signs and symptoms are sweating, weight loss, tachycardia, and nervousness
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ur/o
urine
antidiuretic hormone-posterior pituitary hormone that effects the kidneys and reduces water loss
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-agon
assemble, gather together
glucagon-hormone that treats low blood sugar
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-emia
a blood condition
hypoglycemia-a blood condition of low blood sugar
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-in, -ine
substance
epinephrine-adrenaline, a hormone transmitter
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-tropin
stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)
adrenocorticotropin-a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. Also used as a medication and a diagnostic agent
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-uria
urine condition
glycosuria-sugar in the urine, sign of diabetes mellitus
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eu-
good, normal
euthyroid-normally functioning thyroid gland
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hyper-
excessive, above
hyperkalemia-a blood condition of excessive potassium in the blood
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hypo-
deficient; below; under; less than normal
hypoinsulinism-deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas
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oxy-
rapid, sharp, acid
oxytocin-a hormone that can strengthen labor contractions
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-pan
all
panhypopituitarism-a condition of inadequate or absent hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
