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Medical Terminology > Chapter 18 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

CF

aden/o
gland

A

adenitis-inflammation of a gland

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2
Q

CF

adrenal/o
adrenal gland

A

adrenalectomy- surgical removal of the adrenal gland (s)

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3
Q

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gonad/o
sex glands (ovaries and testes)
A

ginadotropin-any of a group of hormones like FSH or LH secreted by the activity of the gonads

hypogonadism-deficiency of gonadotropins can produce hypogonadism

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4
Q

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pancreat/o
pancreas

A

pancreatectomy-surgical removal of

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5
Q

CF

parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland

A

parathyroidectomy-surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands ( treatment for hyperthyroidism)

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6
Q

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pituitar/o
pituitary gland; hypophysis

A

hypopituitarism-condition of pituitary dwarfism due to the diminished hormone secretion causing dwarfism in children and adults

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7
Q

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thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland

A

thyrotropic hormone-a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a thyrotropic hormone secreted by the PG

thyroiditis-inflammation may result f/a bacterial or viral infection, or an autoimmune reaction.

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8
Q

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andr/o
male

A

androgen-are produced by the testes in males and by the adrenal cortex in males and females

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9
Q

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calc/o, calci/o
calcium

A

hypercalcemia-a blood condition of excessive calcium

hypocalcemia-a blood condition of too little calcium

hypercalciuria-excessive calcium in the urine

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10
Q

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cortic/o
cortex, outer region

A

corticosteroid-any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex. Glucocorticoid & Mineralocorticoid. They have various metabolic functions, some are used for inflammation.

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11
Q

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crin/o
secrete

A

endocrinologist-specialist who treats and studies the endocrine system

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12
Q

CF

dips/o
thirst

A

polydipsia-poly=many or increased. Uncontrolled diabetes (mellitus or insipidus) causes increased thirst

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13
Q

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estr/o
female

A

estrogenic-pertaining to the female sex hormone

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14
Q

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gluc/o
sugar

A

glucagon-(argon=assemble or gather together) Glucagon raises blood sugar by stimulating its release from glycogen into the bloodstream.

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15
Q

CF

glyc/o
sugar

A

hyperglycemia-a blood condition of excessive sugar

glycemic- pertaining to a patient with diabetes mellitus requires glycemic control

glycogen-is animal starch that can be converted to glucose by the liver. Glucagon promotes glycogenolysis

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16
Q

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home/o
sameness, balance

A

homeostasis-condition of controlling, sameness & balance

17
Q

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kal/i
potassium

A

hypokalemia-a blood condition of low potassium, can occur in dehydration and with excessive vomiting and diarrhea. The heart is particularly sensitive to potassium loss

18
Q

CF

lact/o
milk

A

prolactin-substance of milk produced in the pituitary gland

19
Q

CF

myx/o
mucus

A

myxedema-advanced hypothyroidism in adults. Atrophy of the thyroid gland and practically no hormone is produced. The skin becomes dry with edema due to the “mucus-like” material under the skin.

20
Q

CF

Natr/o
sodium

A

hyponatremia-a blood condition of low sodium

21
Q

CF

phys/o
growing

A

hypophysectomy-a surgical removal of of the hydrophysis (pituitary gland)

22
Q

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somat/o
body

A

somatotropin-growth hormone

23
Q

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ster/o
solid structure

A

steroid-complex, solid, ring shaped molecule resembles a sterol (such as cholesterol) many hormones (androgens, estrogens, glucorticoids; and mineralocorticoids) are steroids

24
Q

toc/o

childbirth

A

oxytocin-oxy=rapid, sharp or acute. A hormone that can strengthen labor contractions

25
Q

CF

toxic/o
poisons

A

thyrotoxicosis- abnormal condition caused by excessive thyroid gland activity and oversecretion of thyroid hormone. Signs and symptoms are sweating, weight loss, tachycardia, and nervousness

26
Q

CF

ur/o
urine

A

antidiuretic hormone-posterior pituitary hormone that effects the kidneys and reduces water loss

27
Q

Suffix

-agon
assemble, gather together

A

glucagon-hormone that treats low blood sugar

28
Q

Suffix

-emia
a blood condition

A

hypoglycemia-a blood condition of low blood sugar

29
Q

Suffix

-in, -ine
substance

A

epinephrine-adrenaline, a hormone transmitter

30
Q

Suffix

-tropin
stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)

A

adrenocorticotropin-a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. Also used as a medication and a diagnostic agent

31
Q

Suffix

-uria
urine condition

A

glycosuria-sugar in the urine, sign of diabetes mellitus

32
Q

Prefix

eu-
good, normal

A

euthyroid-normally functioning thyroid gland

33
Q

Prefix

hyper-
excessive, above

A

hyperkalemia-a blood condition of excessive potassium in the blood

34
Q

Prefix

hypo-
deficient; below; under; less than normal

A

hypoinsulinism-deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas

35
Q

Prefix

oxy-
rapid, sharp, acid

A

oxytocin-a hormone that can strengthen labor contractions

36
Q

Prefix

-pan
all

A

panhypopituitarism-a condition of inadequate or absent hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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