Chapter 10 Nervous System

Question 1

Combining Form

cerebell/o
cerebellum

Answer 1

Cerebellar- pertaining to the cerebellum, posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movement and maintains balance

Question 2

Combining Form

Cerebr/o
Cerebrum

Answer 2

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-a watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord and protects the brain and spinal cord from shock by acting like a cushion. It is usually clear and colorless and contains lymphocytes, sugar and protein

Cerebral cortex-pertaining to the cortex or outer area of an organ

Question 3

Combining Form

dur/o
dura mater (thick outermost layer of the meninges)

Answer 3

Subdural hematoma-pertaining to a collection of blood between the brain and the outermost coverings

epidural hematoma-

Question 4

Combining Form

encephal/o
brain

Answer 4

encephalitis-inflammation of the brain

encephalopathy-disease in which the functioning of the brain is affected by some agent or condition

anencephaly-a congenital brain malfunction; not compatible w/life and may be detected w/ amniocentesis or ultrasonography of the fetus

Question 5

Combining Form

gli/o
glial cells

Answer 5

glioblastoma-a highly malignant rumor (blast = immature) Gliomas are tumors of glial (neuroglial) cells

Question 6

Combining Form

lept/o
thin, slender

Answer 6

leptomeningeal-pertaining to a rare complication of cancer in which the disease spreads to the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Question 7

Combining Form

meaning/o, meningi/o
membranes, meninges

Answer 7

meningeal-pertaining to the three layers of the brain

meningioma-non cancerous tumor

myelomeningocele-neural tube defect caused by failure of the neural tube to close during embryonic development. This abnormality occurs in infants born w/ spina bifida

Question 8

Combining Form

my/o
muscle

Answer 8

myoneural-pertaining to muscle and nerve

Question 9

Combining Form

myel/o
spinal cord (means bone marrow in other context)

Answer 9

myelopathy-disease if the spinal cord

poliomyelitis-polio-means gray matter. Viral disease affects the gray matter of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis of muscles that rely on the damaged neurons.

Question 10

Combining Forms

neur/o
nerve

Answer 10

neuropathy-diseases of the peripheral nerves, they can affect motor, sensory and autonomic functions

polyneuritis-inflammation of many peripheral nerves

Question 11

Combining Forms

pont/o
pons (means bridge connecting various parts of the brain)

Answer 11

cerebelloponitine-pertaining to the angle syndrome of deficits that can arise due to the closeness to specific cranial nerves

Question 12

Combining Forms

radicul/o
nerve root (of spinal nerves)

Answer 12

radiculopathy- disease of the spinal nerves. Sciatica is a radiculopathy affecting the sciatic nerve root in the back. A herniated disk is a common cause

Question 13

Combining Form

thalam/o
thalamus

Answer 13

thalamic-pertaining to the thalamus

Question 14

Combining Form

thec/o
sheath (refers to the meninges)

Answer 14

intrathecal injection-chemicals such as chemotherapeutic drug can be delivered the subarachnoid space

Question 15

Combining Form

vag/o
vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

Answer 15

vagal-pertaining to cranial nerve w/ branches to the head and neck as well as to the chest

Question 16

Combining Form or Suffix

alges/o, algesia
sensitivity to pain

Answer 16

analgesia-a condition of the inability to feel pain

hypalgesia- condition of diminished sensation to pain

hyperalgesia- condition of increased sensitivity to pain

Question 17

Combining Form or Suffix

-algia
pain

Answer 17

neuralgia-condition of nerve pain. Trigeminal neuralgia involves flashes of pain radiating along the course of the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve)

cephalgia-condition of headaches resulting from vasodilation (widening) of blood vessels in tissues surrounding the brain or from tension in the neck & scalp muscles

Question 18

Combining Form

caus/o
burning

Answer 18

causalgia- condition of intense burning pain following injury to a sensory nerve

Question 19

Combining Form

comat/o
deep sleep (coma)

Answer 19

comatose-a coma is a state of unconsciousness f/ which the patient cannot be aroused.

semicomatose-refers to a stupor (unresponsiveness) f/ which a patient can be aroused.

Question 20

Combining Form and Suffix

esthesi/o, -esthesia
feeling, nervous sensation

Answer 20

anesthesia-condition of lack of normal sensation (touch, or pain)

hyperanesthesia- condition where a light touch with a pin may provoke increased sensation.

paresthesia-abnormal condition that includes tingling, burning and pins and needles sensation

Question 21

Combining Form or Suffix

kines/o, kinesi/o
-kinesia, -kinesis,
-kinetic
movement

Answer 21

bradykinesia- condition of slow movement

hyperkinesia- condition

dyskinesia- condition marked by involuntary, spasmodic movements

akinetic- pertaining to

Question 22

Suffix

-lepsy
Seizure

Answer 22

epilepsy-chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

narcolepsy-sudden uncontrollable compulsion to sleep (narc/o=stupor, sleep)

Question 23

Combining Form

lex/o
word, phrase

Answer 23

dyslexia-condition of a developmental reading disorder occurring when the brain doesn’t properly recognize, process, and interpret language

Question 24

Suffix

-paresis
Weakness

Answer 24

hemiparesis- condition affects right or left side (half) of the body. Paresis also used by itself to mean partial paralysis or weakness of muscles

Question 25

-phasia

speech

Answer 25

aphasia-condition of difficulty with speech. Motor aphasia is present when the patient knows what he or she wants to say but cannot say it.

Question 26

Suffix

-plegia
paralysis

Answer 26

hemiplegia-condition where the right and left half of the body is affected as a result of a brain injury

paraplegia-condition of paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body caused by injury or disease if the spinal cord or cauda equina

quadriplegia- condition of all four extremities are affected, injury is at the level of the cervical or spinal cord.

Question 27

Suffix

-praxia
action

Answer 27

apraxia-condition of movement and behavior are not purposeful. A patient with motor apraxia can’t use an object or perform a task

Question 28

Suffix

-sthenia
strength

Answer 28

neurasthenia-nervous exhaustion and fatigue, often following depression

Question 29

Combining Form

syncop/o
to cut off, cut short

Answer 29

syncopal-pertaining to fainting; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate flow of blood to the brain.

Question 30

Combining Form

tax/o
order, coordination

Answer 30

ataxia- condition of decreased coordination. Persistent unsteadiness in the feet can be caused by a disorder involving the cerebellum

Question 31

Combining Form

Thalam/o

Answer 31

Thalamus-acts like a triage center, it decides what is important and what is not, selectively processing and relating sensory information to the cerebral cortex. It also plays a major role in maintaining levels of awareness and consciousness.

Hypothalamus- (just below the Thalamus) contains neurons that control body temp, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions such a fear and pleasure. The hypothalamus also regulates the release of hormones f/ the pituitary gland at the base of the brain, integrates the activities of the sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous sys.

Question 32

Combining Form

ganglion/o
ganglion

Answer 32

ganglion (plural-ganglia)-collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system