Chapter 10 Nervous System Flashcards
Combining Form
cerebell/o
cerebellum
Cerebellar- pertaining to the cerebellum, posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movement and maintains balance
Combining Form
Cerebr/o
Cerebrum
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-a watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord and protects the brain and spinal cord from shock by acting like a cushion. It is usually clear and colorless and contains lymphocytes, sugar and protein
Cerebral cortex-pertaining to the cortex or outer area of an organ
Combining Form
dur/o dura mater (thick outermost layer of the meninges)
Subdural hematoma-pertaining to a collection of blood between the brain and the outermost coverings
epidural hematoma-
Combining Form
encephal/o
brain
encephalitis-inflammation of the brain
encephalopathy-disease in which the functioning of the brain is affected by some agent or condition
anencephaly-a congenital brain malfunction; not compatible w/life and may be detected w/ amniocentesis or ultrasonography of the fetus
Combining Form
gli/o
glial cells
glioblastoma-a highly malignant rumor (blast = immature) Gliomas are tumors of glial (neuroglial) cells
Combining Form
lept/o
thin, slender
leptomeningeal-pertaining to a rare complication of cancer in which the disease spreads to the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Combining Form
meaning/o, meningi/o
membranes, meninges
meningeal-pertaining to the three layers of the brain
meningioma-non cancerous tumor
myelomeningocele-neural tube defect caused by failure of the neural tube to close during embryonic development. This abnormality occurs in infants born w/ spina bifida
Combining Form
my/o
muscle
myoneural-pertaining to muscle and nerve
Combining Form
myel/o spinal cord (means bone marrow in other context)
myelopathy-disease if the spinal cord
poliomyelitis-polio-means gray matter. Viral disease affects the gray matter of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis of muscles that rely on the damaged neurons.
Combining Forms
neur/o
nerve
neuropathy-diseases of the peripheral nerves, they can affect motor, sensory and autonomic functions
polyneuritis-inflammation of many peripheral nerves
Combining Forms
pont/o
pons (means bridge connecting various parts of the brain)
cerebelloponitine-pertaining to the angle syndrome of deficits that can arise due to the closeness to specific cranial nerves
Combining Forms
radicul/o nerve root (of spinal nerves)
radiculopathy- disease of the spinal nerves. Sciatica is a radiculopathy affecting the sciatic nerve root in the back. A herniated disk is a common cause
Combining Form
thalam/o
thalamus
thalamic-pertaining to the thalamus
Combining Form
thec/o
sheath (refers to the meninges)
intrathecal injection-chemicals such as chemotherapeutic drug can be delivered the subarachnoid space
Combining Form
vag/o vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
vagal-pertaining to cranial nerve w/ branches to the head and neck as well as to the chest
Combining Form or Suffix
alges/o, algesia
sensitivity to pain
analgesia-a condition of the inability to feel pain
hypalgesia- condition of diminished sensation to pain
hyperalgesia- condition of increased sensitivity to pain
Combining Form or Suffix
-algia
pain
neuralgia-condition of nerve pain. Trigeminal neuralgia involves flashes of pain radiating along the course of the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve)
cephalgia-condition of headaches resulting from vasodilation (widening) of blood vessels in tissues surrounding the brain or from tension in the neck & scalp muscles
Combining Form
caus/o
burning
causalgia- condition of intense burning pain following injury to a sensory nerve
Combining Form
comat/o deep sleep (coma)
comatose-a coma is a state of unconsciousness f/ which the patient cannot be aroused.
semicomatose-refers to a stupor (unresponsiveness) f/ which a patient can be aroused.
Combining Form and Suffix
esthesi/o, -esthesia
feeling, nervous sensation
anesthesia-condition of lack of normal sensation (touch, or pain)
hyperanesthesia- condition where a light touch with a pin may provoke increased sensation.
paresthesia-abnormal condition that includes tingling, burning and pins and needles sensation
Combining Form or Suffix
kines/o, kinesi/o
-kinesia, -kinesis,
-kinetic
movement
bradykinesia- condition of slow movement
hyperkinesia- condition
dyskinesia- condition marked by involuntary, spasmodic movements
akinetic- pertaining to
Suffix
-lepsy
Seizure
epilepsy-chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
narcolepsy-sudden uncontrollable compulsion to sleep (narc/o=stupor, sleep)
Combining Form
lex/o
word, phrase
dyslexia-condition of a developmental reading disorder occurring when the brain doesn’t properly recognize, process, and interpret language
Suffix
-paresis
Weakness
hemiparesis- condition affects right or left side (half) of the body. Paresis also used by itself to mean partial paralysis or weakness of muscles
-phasia
speech
aphasia-condition of difficulty with speech. Motor aphasia is present when the patient knows what he or she wants to say but cannot say it.
Suffix
-plegia
paralysis
hemiplegia-condition where the right and left half of the body is affected as a result of a brain injury
paraplegia-condition of paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body caused by injury or disease if the spinal cord or cauda equina
quadriplegia- condition of all four extremities are affected, injury is at the level of the cervical or spinal cord.
Suffix
-praxia
action
apraxia-condition of movement and behavior are not purposeful. A patient with motor apraxia can’t use an object or perform a task
Suffix
-sthenia
strength
neurasthenia-nervous exhaustion and fatigue, often following depression
Combining Form
syncop/o
to cut off, cut short
syncopal-pertaining to fainting; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate flow of blood to the brain.
Combining Form
tax/o
order, coordination
ataxia- condition of decreased coordination. Persistent unsteadiness in the feet can be caused by a disorder involving the cerebellum
Combining Form
Thalam/o
Thalamus-acts like a triage center, it decides what is important and what is not, selectively processing and relating sensory information to the cerebral cortex. It also plays a major role in maintaining levels of awareness and consciousness.
Hypothalamus- (just below the Thalamus) contains neurons that control body temp, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions such a fear and pleasure. The hypothalamus also regulates the release of hormones f/ the pituitary gland at the base of the brain, integrates the activities of the sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous sys.
Combining Form
ganglion/o
ganglion
ganglion (plural-ganglia)-collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
