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Medical Terminology > Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

CF

calc/o, calci/o
calcium

A

hypercalcemia- a blood condition of excessive calcium

decalcium

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2
Q

CF

kyph/o
humpback, hunchback
posterior curvature in the thoracic region

A

kyphosis- abnormal condition of a hump on the back

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3
Q

CF

lamin/o
laminate (part of the vertebral arch)

A

laminectomy-surgical procedure often performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. It involves removal of the laminate and spinous process

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4
Q

CF

lord/o
curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

A

lordosis-abnormal condition of swayback

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5
Q

CF

lumb/o
loins, lower back

A

lumbar-

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6
Q

CF

myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow

A

myelopoiesis-condition of the formation of the spinal cord

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7
Q

CF

orth/o
straight

A

orthopedics-dealing with the correction of deformities of bones and muscles

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8
Q

CF

scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

A

scoliosis- abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

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9
Q

CF

rachi/o
spinal column, vertebra

A

rachitis-inflammation and weakening of bones in children, usually due to a lack of Vit D

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10
Q

CF

spondyl/o
vertebra
used to make words about conditions of the structure

A

spondylosis-abnormal condition of degeneration of the intervertebral disks in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions.

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11
Q

CF

vertebr/o
vertebra
used to describe the structure itself

A

vertebroplasty- surgical procedure to relieve pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. “Percutaneous Vertebroplasty”

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12
Q

CF

acetabul/o
acetabulum
hip socket

A

acetabular-pertaining to a concave surface of the pelvis

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13
Q

CF

calcane/o
calcaneus (heel)

A

calcaneal-pertaining to one of the tarsal (hindfoot) bones)

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14
Q

CF

carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)

A

carpal-wrist bones

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15
Q

CF

clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)

A

supraclavicular- above the collar bone

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16
Q

CF

cost/o
ribs (true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs)

A

subcostal

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17
Q

CF

crani/o
cranium (skull)

A

craniotomy- surgical cutting into but not removing tissue

craniotome-surgical instrument

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18
Q

CF

femor/o
femur (thigh bone)

A

femoral-femoral artery is a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the legs

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19
Q

CF

fibul/o
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

A

fibular-long thin and lateral bone of the lower leg

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20
Q

CF

humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)

A

humeral-

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21
Q

CF

ili/o
ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)

A

iliac-

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22
Q

CF

Ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)

A

ischial-

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23
Q

CF

malleol/o
malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)

A

malleolar-

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24
Q

CF

mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone

A

mandible

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25
CF maxill/o maxilla ( upper jawbone)
maxillary
26
CF metacarp/o metacarpals (5 bones of the palm of the hand)
metacarpectomy-surgical removal of one or all the metacarpals
27
CF metatars/o metatarsals (foot bone)
metatarsalagia-pain in the metarsals
28
CF olecran/o olecranon (elbow)
olecranal- pertaining to the olecranon
29
CF Patell/o patella (kneecap)
patellar- pertaining to the patella (kneecap)
30
CF pelv/o pelvis (hipbone) The adult pelvis is composed of 3 pairs of fused bones: ilium, ischium and pubis
pelvimetry-process used to assess the size of the birth canal by means of systematic vaginal palpations of specific boney landmarks in the pelvis
31
CF phalang/o phalanges (3 digits in the finger and toe bones but only two digits in the big toe and thumb)
phalangeal-pertaining to the phalanges
32
CF pub/o pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
pubic
33
CF radi/o radius (forearm bone–thumb side)
radial
34
CF scapul/o scapula (shoulder blade)
scapular- pertaining to
35
CF stern/o sternum (breastbone)
sternal
36
CF tars/o tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)
tarsalectomy- surgical removal of bones of the tarsals (hindfoot)
37
CF tibi/o tibia (shin bone)
tibial-pertaining to
38
CF uln/o ulna (forearm bone -— little finger side)
ulnar
39
Suffix -blast embryonic or immature cell
oteoblast-the immature cell synthesizes collagen and protein to form bone tissue
40
Suffix -clast to break at a cellular concept
osteoclast-the cell breaks down bone to remove tissue
41
Suffix -listhesis slipping
spondylolisthesis-the forward slipping (subluxation)of a vertebra over a lower vertebra
42
Suffix -malacia softening
osteomalacia-a condition in which Vit D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones; known as rickets in children
43
Suffix -physis to grow
epiphysis- end part of a long bone initially growing separately from the shaft
44
Suffix -porosis pore, passage
osteoporosis-condition of the loss of bony tissue with decreased loss of bone
45
Suffix -tome instrument to cut
osteotome- a surgical chisel is designed to cut bone
46
CF my/o muscle
myalgia- pain in the muscle electromyogram-a record of the electricity of the muscle
47
CF myocardi/o heart muscle
myocardial-pertaining to the heart muscle
48
CF myos/o muscle
myositiis-inflammation of the muscle
49
CF plant/o sole of the foot
plantar flexion- pointing the foot away from the leg downward, standing on the tips of the toes
50
CF rhabdomy/o skeletal (striated) muscle
rhabdomyoma-benign rumor of striated muscle may be either cardiac or extra cardiac (occurring outside the heart)
51
CF sarc/o muscle and flesh
sarcopenia-loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging
52
Suffix -asthenia lack of strength
myasthenia gravis-muscle lose strength because of a failure in transmission of the nervous impulse from the nerve to the muscle cell
53
CF -trophy development, nourishment
atrophy-decrease in size of an organ or tissue
54
Prefix ab- away from
abduction-movement of a limb AWAY from the midline of the body (duct/o = to lead)
55
Prefix ad- toward
adduction-movement of a limb TOWARD the midline of the body
56
Prefix dorsi- back
dorsiflexion-movement of the foots upward so that the foot is closer to the shinbone
57
Prefix poly- many, much
polymyalgia-much pain...polymyalgia rheumatica is an autoimmune disorder marked by aching and morning stiffness in the shoulder, hip, neck longer than 1 month
58
CF ankyl/o stiff, crooked, bent
ankylosis-abnormal cond. of stiffening & immobility of the joint due to fusion of joints
59
CF arthr/o joint
arthroplasty- surgical repair, replacement of one or both bone ends by a prosthesis (artificial part) of metal or plastic. hydrarthosis- abnormal collection of synovial fluid in the joint
60
CF articul/o joint
articulate cartilage-covers the joint with a smooth, glistening white tissue
61
CF burs/o bursa
bursitis-may be related to stress placed on the bursa it to diseases such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis. The bursa becomes inflamed and movement is limited
62
CF chondr/o cartilage
chondrosarcoma- malignant cartilage in the bones and joints chondromalacia-is a softening and roughening if the articular cartilaginous surface of the kneecap
63
CF ligament/o ligament
ligamentous-laxity or ligament laxity means loose ligaments
64
CF rheumat/o watery, flow
rheumatologist
65
CF synov/o synovial membrane
synovitis-inflammation of the synovial membrane
66
CF ten/o tendon
tenorrhaphy-surgical suture of a divided tendon
67
CF tendon/o tendon
tendinitis-
68
Suffix -desis to bind,tie together
arthrodesis-condition where bones are fused across the joint space by surgery (artificial ankylosis)
69
Suffix -stenosis narrowing
spinal stenosis-narrowing of the spinal canal in the lunar spine, comes from the compression of the cauda equina
70
Suffix -clasis To surgically break
osteoclasis-to surgically fracture to remedy a deformity
71
CF fasci/o fascia (forms sheath enveloping muscles)
fasciotomy-to cut into but not remove tissue-fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure on muscles
72
CF fibr/o fibrous connective tissue
fibromyalgia-chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints and fibrous tissue, especially the back, shoulders, neck, hips and knees.

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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