Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
CF
calc/o, calci/o
calcium
hypercalcemia- a blood condition of excessive calcium
decalcium
CF
kyph/o
humpback, hunchback
posterior curvature in the thoracic region
kyphosis- abnormal condition of a hump on the back
CF
lamin/o
laminate (part of the vertebral arch)
laminectomy-surgical procedure often performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. It involves removal of the laminate and spinous process
CF
lord/o
curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
lordosis-abnormal condition of swayback
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lumb/o
loins, lower back
lumbar-
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myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
myelopoiesis-condition of the formation of the spinal cord
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orth/o
straight
orthopedics-dealing with the correction of deformities of bones and muscles
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scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
scoliosis- abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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rachi/o
spinal column, vertebra
rachitis-inflammation and weakening of bones in children, usually due to a lack of Vit D
CF
spondyl/o
vertebra
used to make words about conditions of the structure
spondylosis-abnormal condition of degeneration of the intervertebral disks in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions.
CF
vertebr/o
vertebra
used to describe the structure itself
vertebroplasty- surgical procedure to relieve pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. “Percutaneous Vertebroplasty”
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acetabul/o
acetabulum
hip socket
acetabular-pertaining to a concave surface of the pelvis
CF
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel)
calcaneal-pertaining to one of the tarsal (hindfoot) bones)
CF
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
carpal-wrist bones
CF
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
supraclavicular- above the collar bone
CF
cost/o
ribs (true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs)
subcostal
CF
crani/o
cranium (skull)
craniotomy- surgical cutting into but not removing tissue
craniotome-surgical instrument
CF
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
femoral-femoral artery is a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the legs
CF
fibul/o
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
fibular-long thin and lateral bone of the lower leg
CF
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
humeral-
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ili/o
ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)
iliac-
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Ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)
ischial-
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malleol/o
malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
malleolar-
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mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone
mandible
CF
maxill/o
maxilla ( upper jawbone)
maxillary
CF
metacarp/o
metacarpals (5 bones of the palm of the hand)
metacarpectomy-surgical removal of one or all the metacarpals
CF
metatars/o
metatarsals (foot bone)
metatarsalagia-pain in the metarsals
CF
olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)
olecranal- pertaining to the olecranon
CF
Patell/o
patella (kneecap)
patellar- pertaining to the patella (kneecap)
CF
pelv/o
pelvis (hipbone)
The adult pelvis is composed of 3 pairs of fused bones: ilium, ischium and pubis
pelvimetry-process used to assess the size of the birth canal by means of systematic vaginal palpations of specific boney landmarks in the pelvis
CF
phalang/o
phalanges (3 digits in the finger and toe bones but only two digits in the big toe and thumb)
phalangeal-pertaining to the phalanges
CF
pub/o
pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
pubic
CF
radi/o
radius (forearm bone–thumb side)
radial
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scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
scapular- pertaining to
CF
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
sternal
CF
tars/o
tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)
tarsalectomy- surgical removal of bones of the tarsals (hindfoot)
CF
tibi/o
tibia (shin bone)
tibial-pertaining to
CF
uln/o
ulna (forearm bone -— little finger side)
ulnar
Suffix
-blast
embryonic or immature cell
oteoblast-the immature cell synthesizes collagen and protein to form bone tissue
Suffix
-clast
to break at a cellular concept
osteoclast-the cell breaks down bone to remove tissue
Suffix
-listhesis
slipping
spondylolisthesis-the forward slipping (subluxation)of a vertebra over a lower vertebra
Suffix
-malacia
softening
osteomalacia-a condition in which Vit D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones; known as rickets in children
Suffix
-physis
to grow
epiphysis- end part of a long bone initially growing separately from the shaft
Suffix
-porosis
pore, passage
osteoporosis-condition of the loss of bony tissue with decreased loss of bone
Suffix
-tome
instrument to cut
osteotome- a surgical chisel is designed to cut bone
CF
my/o
muscle
myalgia- pain in the muscle
electromyogram-a record of the electricity of the muscle
CF
myocardi/o
heart muscle
myocardial-pertaining to the heart muscle
CF
myos/o
muscle
myositiis-inflammation of the muscle
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plant/o
sole of the foot
plantar flexion- pointing the foot away from the leg downward, standing on the tips of the toes
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rhabdomy/o
skeletal (striated) muscle
rhabdomyoma-benign rumor of striated muscle may be either cardiac or extra cardiac (occurring outside the heart)
CF
sarc/o
muscle and flesh
sarcopenia-loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging
Suffix
-asthenia
lack of strength
myasthenia gravis-muscle lose strength because of a failure in transmission of the nervous impulse from the nerve to the muscle cell
CF
-trophy
development, nourishment
atrophy-decrease in size of an organ or tissue
Prefix
ab-
away from
abduction-movement of a limb AWAY from the midline of the body (duct/o = to lead)
Prefix
ad-
toward
adduction-movement of a limb TOWARD the midline of the body
Prefix
dorsi-
back
dorsiflexion-movement of the foots upward so that the foot is closer to the shinbone
Prefix
poly-
many, much
polymyalgia-much pain…polymyalgia rheumatica is an autoimmune disorder marked by aching and morning stiffness in the shoulder, hip, neck longer than 1 month
CF
ankyl/o
stiff, crooked, bent
ankylosis-abnormal cond. of stiffening & immobility of the joint due to fusion of joints
CF
arthr/o
joint
arthroplasty- surgical repair, replacement of one or both bone ends by a prosthesis (artificial part) of metal or plastic.
hydrarthosis- abnormal collection of synovial fluid in the joint
CF
articul/o
joint
articulate cartilage-covers the joint with a smooth, glistening white tissue
CF
burs/o
bursa
bursitis-may be related to stress placed on the bursa it to diseases such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis. The bursa becomes inflamed and movement is limited
CF
chondr/o
cartilage
chondrosarcoma- malignant cartilage in the bones and joints
chondromalacia-is a softening and roughening if the articular cartilaginous surface of the kneecap
CF
ligament/o
ligament
ligamentous-laxity or ligament laxity means loose ligaments
CF
rheumat/o
watery, flow
rheumatologist
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synov/o
synovial membrane
synovitis-inflammation of the synovial membrane
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ten/o
tendon
tenorrhaphy-surgical suture of a divided tendon
CF
tendon/o
tendon
tendinitis-
Suffix
-desis
to bind,tie together
arthrodesis-condition where bones are fused across the joint space by surgery (artificial ankylosis)
Suffix
-stenosis
narrowing
spinal stenosis-narrowing of the spinal canal in the lunar spine, comes from the compression of the cauda equina
Suffix
-clasis
To surgically break
osteoclasis-to surgically fracture to remedy a deformity
CF
fasci/o
fascia (forms sheath enveloping muscles)
fasciotomy-to cut into but not remove tissue-fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure on muscles
CF
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
fibromyalgia-chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints and fibrous tissue, especially the back, shoulders, neck, hips and knees.
