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Medical Terminology > Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

CF

calc/o, calci/o
calcium

A

hypercalcemia- a blood condition of excessive calcium

decalcium

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2
Q

CF

kyph/o
humpback, hunchback
posterior curvature in the thoracic region

A

kyphosis- abnormal condition of a hump on the back

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3
Q

CF

lamin/o
laminate (part of the vertebral arch)

A

laminectomy-surgical procedure often performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. It involves removal of the laminate and spinous process

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4
Q

CF

lord/o
curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

A

lordosis-abnormal condition of swayback

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5
Q

CF

lumb/o
loins, lower back

A

lumbar-

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6
Q

CF

myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow

A

myelopoiesis-condition of the formation of the spinal cord

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7
Q

CF

orth/o
straight

A

orthopedics-dealing with the correction of deformities of bones and muscles

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8
Q

CF

scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

A

scoliosis- abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

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9
Q

CF

rachi/o
spinal column, vertebra

A

rachitis-inflammation and weakening of bones in children, usually due to a lack of Vit D

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10
Q

CF

spondyl/o
vertebra
used to make words about conditions of the structure

A

spondylosis-abnormal condition of degeneration of the intervertebral disks in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions.

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11
Q

CF

vertebr/o
vertebra
used to describe the structure itself

A

vertebroplasty- surgical procedure to relieve pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. “Percutaneous Vertebroplasty”

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12
Q

CF

acetabul/o
acetabulum
hip socket

A

acetabular-pertaining to a concave surface of the pelvis

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13
Q

CF

calcane/o
calcaneus (heel)

A

calcaneal-pertaining to one of the tarsal (hindfoot) bones)

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14
Q

CF

carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)

A

carpal-wrist bones

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15
Q

CF

clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)

A

supraclavicular- above the collar bone

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16
Q

CF

cost/o
ribs (true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs)

A

subcostal

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17
Q

CF

crani/o
cranium (skull)

A

craniotomy- surgical cutting into but not removing tissue

craniotome-surgical instrument

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18
Q

CF

femor/o
femur (thigh bone)

A

femoral-femoral artery is a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the legs

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19
Q

CF

fibul/o
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

A

fibular-long thin and lateral bone of the lower leg

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20
Q

CF

humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)

A

humeral-

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21
Q

CF

ili/o
ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)

A

iliac-

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22
Q

CF

Ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)

A

ischial-

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23
Q

CF

malleol/o
malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)

A

malleolar-

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24
Q

CF

mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone

A

mandible

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25
Q

CF

maxill/o
maxilla ( upper jawbone)

A

maxillary

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26
Q

CF

metacarp/o
metacarpals (5 bones of the palm of the hand)

A

metacarpectomy-surgical removal of one or all the metacarpals

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27
Q

CF

metatars/o
metatarsals (foot bone)

A

metatarsalagia-pain in the metarsals

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28
Q

CF

olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)

A

olecranal- pertaining to the olecranon

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29
Q

CF

Patell/o
patella (kneecap)

A

patellar- pertaining to the patella (kneecap)

30
Q

CF

pelv/o
pelvis (hipbone)
The adult pelvis is composed of 3 pairs of fused bones: ilium, ischium and pubis

A

pelvimetry-process used to assess the size of the birth canal by means of systematic vaginal palpations of specific boney landmarks in the pelvis

31
Q

CF

phalang/o
phalanges (3 digits in the finger and toe bones but only two digits in the big toe and thumb)

A

phalangeal-pertaining to the phalanges

32
Q

CF

pub/o
pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

A

pubic

33
Q

CF

radi/o
radius (forearm bone–thumb side)

A

radial

34
Q

CF

scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)

A

scapular- pertaining to

35
Q

CF

stern/o
sternum (breastbone)

A

sternal

36
Q

CF

tars/o
tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)

A

tarsalectomy- surgical removal of bones of the tarsals (hindfoot)

37
Q

CF

tibi/o
tibia (shin bone)

A

tibial-pertaining to

38
Q

CF

uln/o
ulna (forearm bone -— little finger side)

A

ulnar

39
Q

Suffix

-blast
embryonic or immature cell

A

oteoblast-the immature cell synthesizes collagen and protein to form bone tissue

40
Q

Suffix

-clast
to break at a cellular concept

A

osteoclast-the cell breaks down bone to remove tissue

41
Q

Suffix

-listhesis
slipping

A

spondylolisthesis-the forward slipping (subluxation)of a vertebra over a lower vertebra

42
Q

Suffix

-malacia
softening

A

osteomalacia-a condition in which Vit D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones; known as rickets in children

43
Q

Suffix

-physis
to grow

A

epiphysis- end part of a long bone initially growing separately from the shaft

44
Q

Suffix

-porosis
pore, passage

A

osteoporosis-condition of the loss of bony tissue with decreased loss of bone

45
Q

Suffix

-tome
instrument to cut

A

osteotome- a surgical chisel is designed to cut bone

46
Q

CF

my/o
muscle

A

myalgia- pain in the muscle

electromyogram-a record of the electricity of the muscle

47
Q

CF

myocardi/o
heart muscle

A

myocardial-pertaining to the heart muscle

48
Q

CF

myos/o
muscle

A

myositiis-inflammation of the muscle

49
Q

CF

plant/o
sole of the foot

A

plantar flexion- pointing the foot away from the leg downward, standing on the tips of the toes

50
Q

CF

rhabdomy/o
skeletal (striated) muscle

A

rhabdomyoma-benign rumor of striated muscle may be either cardiac or extra cardiac (occurring outside the heart)

51
Q

CF

sarc/o
muscle and flesh

A

sarcopenia-loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging

52
Q

Suffix

-asthenia
lack of strength

A

myasthenia gravis-muscle lose strength because of a failure in transmission of the nervous impulse from the nerve to the muscle cell

53
Q

CF

-trophy
development, nourishment

A

atrophy-decrease in size of an organ or tissue

54
Q

Prefix

ab-
away from

A

abduction-movement of a limb AWAY from the midline of the body (duct/o = to lead)

55
Q

Prefix

ad-
toward

A

adduction-movement of a limb TOWARD the midline of the body

56
Q

Prefix

dorsi-
back

A

dorsiflexion-movement of the foots upward so that the foot is closer to the shinbone

57
Q

Prefix

poly-
many, much

A

polymyalgia-much pain…polymyalgia rheumatica is an autoimmune disorder marked by aching and morning stiffness in the shoulder, hip, neck longer than 1 month

58
Q

CF

ankyl/o
stiff, crooked, bent

A

ankylosis-abnormal cond. of stiffening & immobility of the joint due to fusion of joints

59
Q

CF

arthr/o
joint

A

arthroplasty- surgical repair, replacement of one or both bone ends by a prosthesis (artificial part) of metal or plastic.

hydrarthosis- abnormal collection of synovial fluid in the joint

60
Q

CF

articul/o
joint

A

articulate cartilage-covers the joint with a smooth, glistening white tissue

61
Q

CF

burs/o
bursa

A

bursitis-may be related to stress placed on the bursa it to diseases such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis. The bursa becomes inflamed and movement is limited

62
Q

CF

chondr/o
cartilage

A

chondrosarcoma- malignant cartilage in the bones and joints

chondromalacia-is a softening and roughening if the articular cartilaginous surface of the kneecap

63
Q

CF

ligament/o
ligament

A

ligamentous-laxity or ligament laxity means loose ligaments

64
Q

CF

rheumat/o
watery, flow

A

rheumatologist

65
Q

CF

synov/o
synovial membrane

A

synovitis-inflammation of the synovial membrane

66
Q

CF

ten/o
tendon

A

tenorrhaphy-surgical suture of a divided tendon

67
Q

CF

tendon/o
tendon

A

tendinitis-

68
Q

Suffix

-desis
to bind,tie together

A

arthrodesis-condition where bones are fused across the joint space by surgery (artificial ankylosis)

69
Q

Suffix

-stenosis
narrowing

A

spinal stenosis-narrowing of the spinal canal in the lunar spine, comes from the compression of the cauda equina

70
Q

Suffix

-clasis
To surgically break

A

osteoclasis-to surgically fracture to remedy a deformity

71
Q

CF

fasci/o
fascia (forms sheath enveloping muscles)

A

fasciotomy-to cut into but not remove tissue-fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure on muscles

72
Q

CF

fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue

A

fibromyalgia-chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints and fibrous tissue, especially the back, shoulders, neck, hips and knees.

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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