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Medical Terminology > Chapter 18 - Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer section of each adrenal gland

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2
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner section of each adrenal gland

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3
Q

ovaries

A

located in lower abdomen of female; produces eggs, estrogen/progesterone secretion

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4
Q

pancreas

A

located behind stomach; islet cells secrete hormones from the pancreas

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5
Q

parathyroid glands

A

4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

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6
Q

pituitary gland

A

located at base of brain in sella turcica; composed of anterior and posterior lobes

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7
Q

testes

A

2 glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male

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8
Q

thyroid gland

A

located in the neck on either side of trachea

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9
Q

adrenaline (epinephrine)

A

secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure, dilates airways

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10
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal cortex

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11
Q

aldosterone

A

secreted by adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption

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12
Q

androgen

A

male hormone

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13
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

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14
Q

calcitonin

A

decreases blood calcium levels

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15
Q

cortisol

A

increases blood sugar

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16
Q

estradiol

A

estrogen secreted by the ovaries

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17
Q

estrogen

A

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex

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18
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

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19
Q

glucagon

A

increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to sugar

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20
Q

growth hormone (GH); somatotropin

A

stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue

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21
Q

insulin

A

helps glucose to pass into cells and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

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22
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

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23
Q

norepinephrine

A

increases heart rate and blood pressure

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24
Q

oxytocin (OT)

A

stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth

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25
Q

parathormone (PTH)

A

increases blood calcium

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26
Q

progesterone

A

prepares uterus for pregnancy

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27
Q

prolactin (PRL)

A

promotes milk secretion

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28
Q

somatotropin

A

growth hormone

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29
Q

testosterone

A

male hormone secreted by the testes

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30
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; TSH acts on the thryoid gland to promote its functioning

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31
Q

thyroxine (T4)

A

T4 increases metabolism in cells

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32
Q

triiodothyronine (T3)

A

increases metabolism in cells

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33
Q

vasopressin

A

increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

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34
Q

catecholamines

A

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla

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35
Q

corticosteroids

A

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

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36
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral salt found in blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells

37
Q

glucocorticoid

A

regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

38
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

39
Q

hormone

A

substance secreted by an endocrine gland that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

40
Q

hypothalamus

A

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland

41
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body

42
Q

receptor

A

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be excited

43
Q

sella turcica

A

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

44
Q

sex hormones

A

steroids produced by adrenal cortex to influence male an female sex characteristics

45
Q

steroid

A

complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made

46
Q

sympathomimetic

A

pertaining to mimicking the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

47
Q

target tissue

A

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

48
Q

aden/o

A

gland

49
Q

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

50
Q

gonad/o

A

sex glands

51
Q

acr/o

A

extremities

52
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

53
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid gland

54
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland; hypophysis

55
Q

thyr/o

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

56
Q

andr/o

A

male

57
Q

calc/o

calci/o

A

calcium

58
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex, outer region

59
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

60
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

61
Q

estr/o

A

female

62
Q

gluc/o

glyc/o

A

sugar

63
Q

home/o

A

sameness

64
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone

65
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

66
Q

lact/o

A

milk

67
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

68
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

69
Q

phys/o

A

growing

70
Q

somat/o

A

body

71
Q

ster/o

A

solid structure

72
Q

toc/o

A

childbirth

73
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

74
Q

ur/o

A

urine

75
Q

-agon

A

assemble, gather

76
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

77
Q
  • in

- ine

A

substance

78
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating the function of

79
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

80
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

81
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

82
Q

hyper-

A

excessive

83
Q

hypo-

A

deficient

84
Q

oxy-

A

rapid, sharp, acid

85
Q

pan-

A

all

86
Q

poly-

A

many or increased

87
Q

tetra-

A

four

88
Q

tri-

A

three

Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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