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Medical Terminology > Chapter 15 - Muscoloskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Muscoloskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabulum

A

rounded depression or socket in the pelvis that joins the femur forming the hip bone

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2
Q

acromion

A

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder

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3
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space

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4
Q

bone

A

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

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5
Q

bone depression

A

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones or passageways for blood vessels or nerves

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6
Q

bone process

A

enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

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7
Q

calcium

A

one of the mineral constituents of bone

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8
Q

cancellous bones

A

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

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9
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, rubbery connective tissue

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10
Q

collagen

A

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues

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11
Q

compact bone

A

hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around outer portion of bones

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12
Q

cranial bones

A

skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal

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13
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft, mid portion of a long bone

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14
Q

disk (disc)

A

flat, round, plate like structure

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15
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth take place in the immature skeleton

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16
Q

epiphysis

A

each end of a long bone; beyond the epiphyseal plate

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17
Q

facial bones

A

bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic

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18
Q

fontanelle

A

soft spot between the skull bones of an infant

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19
Q

foramen magnum

A

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

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20
Q

haversian canals

A

minute spaces filled with blood vessels

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21
Q

ligament

A

fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones

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22
Q

malleolus

A

round process on both sides of the ankle joint

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23
Q

manubrium

A

upper portion of the sternum

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24
Q

mastoid process

A

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

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25
Q

medullary cavity

A

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

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26
Q

metaphysis

A

flared portion of a long bone between shaft and E.P.

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27
Q

olecranon

A

large process on the proximal end of ulna

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28
Q

orthopedist

A

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions

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29
Q

osseous tissue

A

bone tissue

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30
Q

ossification

A

process of bone formation

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31
Q

osteoblast

A

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

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32
Q

osteoclast

A

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

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33
Q

periosteum

A

membrane surrounding the bones

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34
Q

phosphorus

A

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

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35
Q

physiatrist

A

medical doctor specializing in rehab

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36
Q

pubic symphysis

A

area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis

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37
Q

red bone marrow

A

found in cancellous bone

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38
Q

ribs

A

twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall

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39
Q

sella turcica

A

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

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40
Q

sinus

A

hollow air cavity within a bone

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41
Q

styloid process

A

pole like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

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42
Q

suture

A

immovable joint between the bones like the skull

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43
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

connection on either side of the head between temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

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44
Q

tendon

A

fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles and bones

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45
Q

trabeculae

A

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone

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46
Q

vertebra

A

individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina enclosing the neural canal

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47
Q

xiphoid process

A

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

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48
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

fatty tissue in the medullary cavity of most adult large bones

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49
Q

calc/o

calci/o

A

calcium

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50
Q

kyph/o

A

humpback, hunchback

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51
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina

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52
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback

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53
Q

lumb/o

A

loins, lower back

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54
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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55
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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56
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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57
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, bent

58
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

59
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

60
Q

-blast

A

immature cell

61
Q

-clast

A

to break

62
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

63
Q

-malacia

A

softening

64
Q

-physis

A

to grow

65
Q

-porosis

A

pore, passage

66
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

67
Q

acetabul/o

A

acetabulum

68
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneous

69
Q

carp/o

A

carpals

70
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle

71
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

72
Q

crani/o

A

cranium

73
Q

femor/o

A

femur

74
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

75
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

76
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

77
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium

78
Q

malleol/o

A

malleolus

79
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible

80
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla

81
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals

82
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsals

83
Q

olecran/o

A

olecranon

84
Q

patell/o

A

patella

85
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

86
Q

perone/o

A

fibula

87
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges

88
Q

pub/o

A

pubis

89
Q

radi/o

A

radius

90
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula

91
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

92
Q

tars/o

A

tarsals

93
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

94
Q

uln/o

A

ulna

95
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint

96
Q

articulation

A

any type of joint

97
Q

bursa

A

sac of fluid near a jiont

98
Q

ligament

A

connective tissue binding bones to other bones

99
Q

meniscus

A

crescent shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee

100
Q

suture joint

A

immovable joint

101
Q

synovial cavity

A

space between bones at a synovial joint

102
Q

synovial fluid

A

a freely movable joint

103
Q

synovial membrane

A

tissue ling the synovial cavity

104
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

105
Q

arthr/o

articul/o

A

joint

106
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

107
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

108
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

109
Q

rheumat/o

A

watery flow

110
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane

111
Q

ten/o

tendin/o

A

tendon

112
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

113
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

114
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body

115
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

116
Q

dorsiflexion

A

backward bending of the foot

117
Q

extension

A

straightening of a flexed limb

118
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

119
Q

flexion

A

bending a limb

120
Q

insertion of a muscle

A

connection of the muscle to a bone that moves

121
Q

origin of a muscle

A

connection of the muscle to a stationary bone

122
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground

123
Q

pronation

A

turning the palm downward

124
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around a central point

125
Q

striated muscle

A

muscle connected to bones

126
Q

supination

A

turning the palm upward

127
Q

visceral muscle

A

muscle connected to internal organs

128
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

129
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous connective tissue

130
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

131
Q

my/o

myos/o

A

muscle

132
Q

myocardi/o

A

heart muscle

133
Q

plant/o

A

sole of the foot

134
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

skeletal

135
Q

sarc/o

A

muscle and flesh

136
Q

-asthenia

A

lack of strength

137
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

138
Q

ab-

A

away from

139
Q

ad-

A

toward

140
Q

dorsi-

A

back

141
Q

poly-

A

many, much

Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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