Chapter 15 - Muscoloskeletal System Flashcards
acetabulum
rounded depression or socket in the pelvis that joins the femur forming the hip bone
acromion
outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder
articular cartilage
thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space
bone
dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton
bone depression
opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones or passageways for blood vessels or nerves
bone process
enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
calcium
one of the mineral constituents of bone
cancellous bones
spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
cartilage
flexible, rubbery connective tissue
collagen
dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues
compact bone
hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around outer portion of bones
cranial bones
skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal
diaphysis
shaft, mid portion of a long bone
disk (disc)
flat, round, plate like structure
epiphyseal plate
cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth take place in the immature skeleton
epiphysis
each end of a long bone; beyond the epiphyseal plate
facial bones
bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic
fontanelle
soft spot between the skull bones of an infant
foramen magnum
opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
haversian canals
minute spaces filled with blood vessels
ligament
fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones
malleolus
round process on both sides of the ankle joint
manubrium
upper portion of the sternum
mastoid process
round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear
medullary cavity
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
metaphysis
flared portion of a long bone between shaft and E.P.
olecranon
large process on the proximal end of ulna
orthopedist
medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions
osseous tissue
bone tissue
ossification
process of bone formation
osteoblast
bone cell that helps form bony tissue
osteoclast
bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue
periosteum
membrane surrounding the bones
phosphorus
mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium
physiatrist
medical doctor specializing in rehab
pubic symphysis
area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis
red bone marrow
found in cancellous bone
ribs
twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall
sella turcica
depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
sinus
hollow air cavity within a bone
styloid process
pole like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
suture
immovable joint between the bones like the skull
temporomandibular joint
connection on either side of the head between temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw
tendon
fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles and bones
trabeculae
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone
vertebra
individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina enclosing the neural canal
xiphoid process
lower, narrow portion of the sternum
yellow bone marrow
fatty tissue in the medullary cavity of most adult large bones
calc/o
calci/o
calcium
kyph/o
humpback, hunchback
lamin/o
lamina
lord/o
curve, swayback
lumb/o
loins, lower back
myel/o
bone marrow
orth/o
straight
oste/o
bone
scoli/o
crooked, bent
spondyl/o
vertebra
vertebr/o
vertebra
-blast
immature cell
-clast
to break
-listhesis
slipping
-malacia
softening
-physis
to grow
-porosis
pore, passage
-tome
instrument to cut
acetabul/o
acetabulum
calcane/o
calcaneous
carp/o
carpals
clavicul/o
clavicle
cost/o
ribs
crani/o
cranium
femor/o
femur
fibul/o
fibula
humer/o
humerus
ili/o
ilium
ischi/o
ischium
malleol/o
malleolus
mandibul/o
mandible
maxill/o
maxilla
metacarp/o
metacarpals
metatars/o
metatarsals
olecran/o
olecranon
patell/o
patella
pelv/i
pelvis
perone/o
fibula
phalang/o
phalanges
pub/o
pubis
radi/o
radius
scapul/o
scapula
stern/o
sternum
tars/o
tarsals
tibi/o
tibia
uln/o
ulna
articular cartilage
smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint
articulation
any type of joint
bursa
sac of fluid near a jiont
ligament
connective tissue binding bones to other bones
meniscus
crescent shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee
suture joint
immovable joint
synovial cavity
space between bones at a synovial joint
synovial fluid
a freely movable joint
synovial membrane
tissue ling the synovial cavity
ankyl/o
stiff
arthr/o
articul/o
joint
burs/o
bursa
chondr/o
cartilage
ligament/o
ligament
rheumat/o
watery flow
synov/o
synovial membrane
ten/o
tendin/o
tendon
-desis
to bind, tie together
-stenosis
narrowing
abduction
movement away from the midline of the body
adduction
movement toward the midline of the body
dorsiflexion
backward bending of the foot
extension
straightening of a flexed limb
fascia
fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
flexion
bending a limb
insertion of a muscle
connection of the muscle to a bone that moves
origin of a muscle
connection of the muscle to a stationary bone
plantar flexion
bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground
pronation
turning the palm downward
rotation
circular movement around a central point
striated muscle
muscle connected to bones
supination
turning the palm upward
visceral muscle
muscle connected to internal organs
fasci/o
fascia
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
leiomy/o
smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
my/o
myos/o
muscle
myocardi/o
heart muscle
plant/o
sole of the foot
rhabdomy/o
skeletal
sarc/o
muscle and flesh
-asthenia
lack of strength
-trophy
development, nourishment
ab-
away from
ad-
toward
dorsi-
back
poly-
many, much
