Chapter 18 - CNS Flashcards
Agnosia
- The inability to recognize and object.
- The object’s previous meaning is no longer attached to it.
- Lesions of the sensory cortex involved with seeing, hearing, and feeling.
Alexia
- The acquired inability to read.
- Lesions in the left occipital lobe and corpus callosum prevent incoming visual info from reaching the angular gyrus for linguistic interpretation.
Broca’s Aphasia
- A language disorder characterized by a deficit in speech production and language output.
- MOTOR
- Can understand but can’t talk.
Wernicke’s Aphasia
- Language disorder characterized by a deficit in speech production/language output AND language comprehension.
- Motor AND Sensory
- Can’t understand or talk
- Babbling/gibberish
Asthenia
- Generalized weakness
- Sometimes seen in people with cerebellar lesions.
Ataxia
- Lack of coordinated movement.
- Cerebellar dysfunction.
Diaschisis
- Neural shock due to nerve injury and disruption of the neural pathway.
Dysarthria
Speech disorder characterized by a disturbance in articulation
(the ability to produce speech).
Dysdiadochokinesia
Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements.
Dysmetria
- Underestimation or overestimation of a necessary movement toward a target.
- Cerebellar disorders.
Proprioception
Sensory input from the muscles and joints about the body’s position and movement in space.
Classical Conditioning
- Non-conditioned stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.
- Pavlov’s dogs
Operant Conditioning
Predictable consequences are used to reinforce or weaken a behavior.
Procedural Learning
- Practice makes perfect!
- A desired action or behavior is practiced over and over again until it becomes second nature.
Declarative learning
Describing or visualizing all the components of a task before actually doing it.
3 stages of learning
1) Cognitive
- Understanding the skill
2) Associative
- Putting it all together
- Trial and error
- Fine-tuning
3) Autonomous
- Task is second nature
