Chapter 18: An Unsettled World, 1890-1914 CE Vocab Flashcards
Anglo-Boer War
(1899–1902) Anticolonial struggle in South Africa between the British and the Afrikaners over the gold-rich Transvaal. In response to the Afrikaners’ guerrilla tactics and in order to contain the local population, the British instituted the first concentration camps. Ultimately, Britain won the conflict.
Boxer Uprising
(1899–1900) Chinese peasant movement that opposed foreign influence, especially that of Christian missionaries; it was put down after the Boxers were defeated by an army composed mostly of Japanese, Russians, British, French, and Americans.
syndicalists
Advocates of syndicalism, a movement of workplace associations that included unskilled labor and sought a replacement for capitalism led by workers. They believed those associations, rather than traditional political parties and parliaments, should make basic decisions.
anarchists
Advocates of anarchism, the belief that society should be a free association of its members, not subject to government, laws, or police.
Mexican Revolution
(1910–1920) Conflict fueled by the unequal distribution of land and by disgruntled workers; it erupted when political elites split over the succession of General Porfirio Díaz after decades of his rule. The fight lasted over ten years and cost 1 million lives, but it resulted in widespread reform and a new constitution.
progressive reformers
Members of the U.S. reform movement in the early twentieth century that aimed to eliminate political corruption, improve working conditions, and regulate the power of large industrial and financial enterprises.
modernism
In the arts, modernism refers to the effort to break with older conventions and seek new ways of seeing and describing the world.
popular culture
Affordable and accessible forms of art and entertainment available to people at all levels of society.
Shanghai School
Late nineteenth-century style of painting characterized by an emphasis on spontaneous brushwork, feeling, and the incorporation of western influences into classical Chinese pieces.
Sun Yat-sen
(1866–1925) Chinese revolutionary and first provisional president of the Republic of China. Sun played an important role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and later founded the Guomindang, the Nationalist Party of China.
Indian National Congress
Formed in 1885, a political party deeply committed to constitutional methods, industrialization, and cultural nationalism.
pan movements
Groups that sought to link people across state boundaries in new communities based on ethnicity or, in some cases, religion (for example, pan-Germanism, pan-Islamism, and pan-Slavism).
