chapter 18

Question 1

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue caused by an increase in the rate of cell division.

Answer 1

hyperplasia

Question 2

Tumors that remain in one place as a single well-defined mass of cells

Answer 2

Benign

Question 3

Cancers that invade surrounding tissues until they compromise organ function are called

Answer 3

malignant tumor

Question 4

the spread of cancer to another organ or region of the body

Answer 4

metastasis

Question 5

A carcinogen is any substance or physical factor that causes cancer. The word carcinogen comes from the recognition by early physicians that certain skin cancers had a crablike appearance (Greek karkinos, meaning “crab”; genein, meaning “to produce”). Some carcinogens are described below.

Answer 5

carcinogen

Question 6

Chemotherapy involves the administration of cytotoxic (cell-damaging) chemicals to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy addresses some of the limitations of surgery and radiation

Answer 6

chemotherapy

Question 7

Immunotherapy attempts to boost the general responsiveness of the immune system so that it can fight cancer more effectively

Answer 7

immunotherapy

Question 8

is a type of cancer treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy most often uses X-rays, but protons or other types of energy also can be used. The term “radiation therapy” most often refers to external beam radiation therapyskeletas

Answer 8

radiation therapy