chapter 1 Flashcards
-Be able identify the characteristics common to all living things.
Living things have a different molecular composition than nonliving things
Living things require energy and raw materials
Living things are composed of cells
Living things maintain homeostasis
Living things grow and reproduce
Populations of living things evolve
Know the domain and kingdom to which humans belong.
Humans belong to the domain Eukarya, kingdom Animalia
The categories of the classification system (from largest to smallest)
domain, kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, and species.
Identify the defining features of humans.
Bipedalism
Opposable thumbs
Large brain
Capacity for complex language
Describe and sequence the following levels of organization:
Atom, Smallest unit of an element of matter
Cell, Smallest unit of life
Tissue, An association of cells with the same general structure and function
Organ, an association of several tissue types that carry out a specific function
Organ System, two or more organs that work together to carry out a general function, such as digestion or movement
Organism, an individual living being composed of several organs or organ systems
Population, A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area
Community, several populations of different species who inhabit the same area and interact with each other
Ecosystem, All of the organisms in a given area plus all of the nonliving matter and energy
Biosphere All ecosystems combined. The portion of Earth occupied by living organisms, plus those organisms.
The scientific method
The scientific method is a way of thinking, a way of testing statements about the natural world (hypotheses) by trying to prove them false
to use inductive reasoning or make a generalization
observe
a specific guess on an outcome
prediction
is a carefully planned and executed manipulation of the natural world to test your prediction.
an experiment
if your prediction turns out to be false, for instance, the drug didn’t lower blood pressure under the conditions of your experiment, you will have to modify your hypothesis to fit the new findings and repeat steps 3 and 4
modification of hypothesis
all possible variables (factors that might vary during the course of an experiment) are controlled so that they cannot affect the outcome.
Controlled experiment
factors that might vary during the course of an experiment
variables
In a controlled experiment the group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment
experimental group
In scientific experiments, a group of subjects that undergoes all the steps in the experiment except the one being tested. The control group is used to evaluate all possible factors that might influence the experiment other than the experimental treatment
control group
A false treatment in a controlled experiment, given or performed to minimize the possibility of bias by suggestion
placebo
