Chapter 18

Question 1

An increase in temperature also means that disorder increases.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Irreversible processes are always spontaneous and occur on their own without any intervention.

Answer 2

false

Question 3

From our current understanding, sometime in the future engineers will design a car that is completely efficient, i.e., a car that creates no additional disorder in the universe.

Answer 3

false

Question 4

Gravitational potential energy is a more ordered form of energy than electrical potential energy.

Answer 4

false

Question 5

A salt shaker and a pepper shaker get knocked off the table and break onto the floor. Separating the salt and pepper can be considered an irreversible process.

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Everything outside what we have defined to be the system.

Answer 6

Surroundings

Question 7

A process which goes in only one direction; its effects cannot be undone. Most processes which occur in nature are this way.

Answer 7

Irreversible process

Question 8

A process which goes both forward and backward at the same time.

Answer 8

Reversible process

Question 9

A small piece of the world around which we mentally draw a box and upon which we focus our attention.

Answer 9

System

Question 10

A quantitative measure of disorder. It increases as the disorder increases.

Answer 10

Entropy

Question 11

Disorder in the universe increases or stays the same anytime a process occurs.

Answer 11

The Law of Increasing Disorder

Question 12

Overall disorder remains unchanged in

Answer 12

reversible processes.

Question 13

If analyzing a fridge in relationship to its surroundings, what would the fridge be considered?

Answer 13

System

Question 14

Which of the following is a reversible process?
A- A man diving into a pool.
Water falling down Niagara Falls.
B- A pendulum swinging in a frictionless environment.
C- Scrambling eggs.
D- None of the above.

Answer 14

B- A pendulum swinging in a frictionless environment.

Question 15

Which of the following processes is closest to an ideal reversible process?
A- A falling golf ball falls into the mud and sticks there.
B- Water evaporates from a glass sitting on the kitchen table.
C- A book sliding on a horizontal table comes to rest because of friction.
D- A ripe peach rotting.
E- An ice cube changes shape while floating in a glass of water at 0 degrees C.

Answer 15

E- An ice cube changes shape while floating in a glass of water at 0 degrees C.

Question 16

An auto engine cannot convert all of its fuel’s chemical potential energy into macroscopic kinetic energy because

Answer 16

disorder would be decreased

Question 17

The Law of Increasing Disorder places limits on the efficiency of energy conversion. Which of the following is allowed?
A- 100% conversion of ambient temperature thermal energy to kinetic energy.
B- 100% conversion of chemical potential energy to kinetic energy.
C- 100% conversion of sunlight to kinetic energy.
D- 100% conversion of electricity to ambient temperature thermal energy.
E- 100% conversion of ambient temperature thermal energy to chemical potential energy.

Answer 17

D- 100% conversion of electricity to ambient temperature thermal energy.

Question 18

Of the quantities listed, the one associated with the most disorder is:
A- chemical potential energy.
B- gravitational potential energy.
C- macroscopic kinetic energy.
D- nuclear potential energy.
E- thermal energy in a glass of water.

Answer 18

E- thermal energy in a glass of water.

Question 19

In the following scenarios, identify which of the two situations is more disordered.
A large, solid chunk of table salt and a beaker of pure water or a solution made by mixing the salt and water together.

Answer 19

salt water solution

Question 20

In the following scenarios, identify which of the two situations is more disordered.
A solid chunk of ice or a container filled with the same mass of water in the gaseous state.

Answer 20

water in the gaseous state

Question 21

In the following scenarios, identify which of the two situations is more disordered.
A balloon filled with helium at room temperature at sea level or the same balloon at an altitude of 8000 feet where the air is colder.

Answer 21

balloon at sea level

Question 22

In the following scenarios, identify which of the two situations is more disordered.
A chamber with two compartments, one containing pure oxygen and the other containing pure nitrogen or the same chamber in which the two gases have been allowed to mix.

Answer 22

the mixed chamber

Question 23

The kinetic energy possessed by moving object given by 1/2 mass x (speed)2

Answer 23

Macroscopic Kinetic energy