Chapter 18 Flashcards
An increase in temperature also means that disorder increases.
true
Irreversible processes are always spontaneous and occur on their own without any intervention.
false
From our current understanding, sometime in the future engineers will design a car that is completely efficient, i.e., a car that creates no additional disorder in the universe.
false
Gravitational potential energy is a more ordered form of energy than electrical potential energy.
false
A salt shaker and a pepper shaker get knocked off the table and break onto the floor. Separating the salt and pepper can be considered an irreversible process.
true
Everything outside what we have defined to be the system.
Surroundings
A process which goes in only one direction; its effects cannot be undone. Most processes which occur in nature are this way.
Irreversible process
A process which goes both forward and backward at the same time.
Reversible process
A small piece of the world around which we mentally draw a box and upon which we focus our attention.
System
A quantitative measure of disorder. It increases as the disorder increases.
Entropy
Disorder in the universe increases or stays the same anytime a process occurs.
The Law of Increasing Disorder
Overall disorder remains unchanged in
reversible processes.
If analyzing a fridge in relationship to its surroundings, what would the fridge be considered?
System
Which of the following is a reversible process?
A- A man diving into a pool.
Water falling down Niagara Falls.
B- A pendulum swinging in a frictionless environment.
C- Scrambling eggs.
D- None of the above.
B- A pendulum swinging in a frictionless environment.
Which of the following processes is closest to an ideal reversible process?
A- A falling golf ball falls into the mud and sticks there.
B- Water evaporates from a glass sitting on the kitchen table.
C- A book sliding on a horizontal table comes to rest because of friction.
D- A ripe peach rotting.
E- An ice cube changes shape while floating in a glass of water at 0 degrees C.
E- An ice cube changes shape while floating in a glass of water at 0 degrees C.
An auto engine cannot convert all of its fuel’s chemical potential energy into macroscopic kinetic energy because
disorder would be decreased
The Law of Increasing Disorder places limits on the efficiency of energy conversion. Which of the following is allowed?
A- 100% conversion of ambient temperature thermal energy to kinetic energy.
B- 100% conversion of chemical potential energy to kinetic energy.
C- 100% conversion of sunlight to kinetic energy.
D- 100% conversion of electricity to ambient temperature thermal energy.
E- 100% conversion of ambient temperature thermal energy to chemical potential energy.
D- 100% conversion of electricity to ambient temperature thermal energy.
Of the quantities listed, the one associated with the most disorder is: A- chemical potential energy. B- gravitational potential energy. C- macroscopic kinetic energy. D- nuclear potential energy. E- thermal energy in a glass of water.
E- thermal energy in a glass of water.
In the following scenarios, identify which of the two situations is more disordered.
A large, solid chunk of table salt and a beaker of pure water or a solution made by mixing the salt and water together.
salt water solution
In the following scenarios, identify which of the two situations is more disordered.
A solid chunk of ice or a container filled with the same mass of water in the gaseous state.
water in the gaseous state
In the following scenarios, identify which of the two situations is more disordered.
A balloon filled with helium at room temperature at sea level or the same balloon at an altitude of 8000 feet where the air is colder.
balloon at sea level
In the following scenarios, identify which of the two situations is more disordered.
A chamber with two compartments, one containing pure oxygen and the other containing pure nitrogen or the same chamber in which the two gases have been allowed to mix.
the mixed chamber
The kinetic energy possessed by moving object given by 1/2 mass x (speed)2
Macroscopic Kinetic energy
