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PHY S 100 BYU > Chapter 1: Knowledge, Science, and the Universe > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Knowledge, Science, and the Universe Flashcards

1
Q

Protons and neutrons together form atomic nuclei.

true/false

A

true

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2
Q

Occam’s razor states that complex explanations are more likely to be true than simple explanations.
true/false

A

false

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3
Q

Intuition is the act, or faculty of knowing, or sensing outside the five physical senses.
true/false

A

true

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4
Q

A law, such as Newton’s First Law of Motion, can never be proved wrong.
true/false

A

false

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5
Q

The laws on Mars are slightly different than the laws on Earth due to the differences in each planet’s composition.
true/false

A

false

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6
Q

Cause must always precede the effect.

A

Causality

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7
Q

A substance made of atoms, all of which contain the same number of protons.

A

Element

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8
Q

The laws of the universe are not different at different locations.

A

Position Symmetry

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9
Q

An accepted source of expert information or advice

A

Authority

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10
Q

The force that arises from the interaction of anything with mass

A

Gravity

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11
Q

A well-tested theory, so firm as to be unquestioned by science

A

Law

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12
Q

A push or pull on an object

A

Force

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13
Q

The assertion that a world separate and distinct from our minds that actually exists

A

Existence

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14
Q

Any of the four fundamental ways in which elementary particles and bodies can influence each other.

A

Interaction

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15
Q

A tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation

A

Hypothesis

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16
Q

The capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought

A

Reason

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17
Q

A schematic description of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for its known or inferred properties and may be used for further study of its characteristics

A

Model

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18
Q

The interaction between nucleons that holds them together

A

Strong Nuclear Interaction

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19
Q

The laws of the universe do not change with time.

A

Time Symmetry

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20
Q

Knowledge obtained through seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, and smelling

A

Sensory Data

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21
Q

What are the four ways of learning?

A

Authority
Intuition
Sensory Data
Reason

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22
Q

The act of knowing or sensing without the use of rational processes, or immediate cognition.

A

Intuition

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23
Q

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

A

Cognition

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24
Q

The force governing electron motion in an electric circuit

A

electromagnetic interaction.

25
Q

What is irrational, People and/or Nature?

A

People

26
Q

What sensory limitations affect human vision.

A

Spectral sensitivity, Spectral Resolution, Time resolution, Light intensity

27
Q

When people only see a limited number of color frequencies.

A

Spectral sensitivity

28
Q

We only have three color sensors for the frequencies of light that we can see.

A

Spectral Resolution

29
Q

If something is too small to see it clearly.

A

Spatial Resolution

30
Q

If things happen too fast we can’t see them. If they are too slow we don’t notice them.

A

Time resolution

31
Q

It takes a certain threshold of light to excite our retina before we can see on the low end, and if the light is too bright, we are blinded on the other end

A

Light intensity

32
Q

Which sense do humans not possess?

An ability to feel static electricity.
An ability to feel magnetism.
An ability to sense infrared radiation
An ability to detect infrasound

A

An ability to feel magnetism.

The other things can be detected by “auxiliary” senses. Static electricity if felt by surface hairs “standing up”, infrared radiation is felt as heat, infrasound can shake you in one way or another.

33
Q

A collection of observations that have been found to be related by a repeatable pattern and that have been linked by formulating a “model” that allows further experiments and predictions to me made.

A

Theory

34
Q

We cannot see infrared light with our eyes, but if we could what might be different?

A

Things would appear to change color when their temperature changed.

35
Q

Hypothesis -> Experiment -> Sensory Data -> Reasoning

What is this cycle?

A

Scientific Method

36
Q

What are the Six “Self-Evident”Truths?

A
  1. Existence
  2. Causality
  3. Position Symmetry
  4. Time Symmetry
  5. Principle of Non contradiction
  6. Occam’s Razor
37
Q

The fact or state of having actual or real being.

A

Existence

38
Q

Of two contradictory propositions, both can not be true.

A

Principle of Non contradiction

39
Q

The intenteraction between nucleons that gives rise to the weak force.

A

Weak nuclear Interaction

40
Q

Name the 4 interactions of Nature from weak to strong.

A

Gravity, Nuclear weak, Electromagnetic, Nuclear strong

41
Q

Name the 4 interactions of Nature from Relative strength.

A

Gravity, Nuclear weak, Electromagnetic, Nuclear strong

42
Q

An unchanged particle in atomic nuclei made up of three quarks.

A

Neutron

43
Q

A generic name for either a proton or a neutron.

A

Nucleon

44
Q

The basic building block of protons and neutrons.

A

Quark

45
Q

Nuclear strong acts upon?

A

Nucleons

46
Q

Electromagnetic acts upon

A

Charged matter

47
Q

Nuclear weak acts upon

A

Nucleans

48
Q

Gravity acts upon

A

Mass

49
Q

A term referring to atoms whose nuclei can spontaneously change under the influence of the weak nuclear force.

A

Radioactive

50
Q

An elementary particle in atoms having a negative charge.

A

Electron

Electrons are located outside atomic nuclei.

51
Q

The fundamental unit of and element

A

Atom

52
Q

A substance composed entirely of atoms having the same number of protons in their nuclei.

A

Element

53
Q

The tiniest particles of a substance that retain all the physical properties of that substance. They are usually made up of more than one atom.

A

Molecules

54
Q

What makes up Electromagnetic interaction?

A

Radioactive, Electron, atom, element, moecules

55
Q

The sun and all planets, comets, asteroids, and other bodies that orbit about it under the pull of gravity.

A

Solar system

56
Q

What shape do object that are held together end to have?

A

Round shape

57
Q

Explain Gravitational interaction.

A

As molecular assemblies increase in mass they are eventually held together by gravity.

58
Q

The positively charged central region of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons.

A

Atomic Nuclei

PHY S 100 BYU (12 decks)

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