Chapter 1: Knowledge, Science, and the Universe

Question 1

Protons and neutrons together form atomic nuclei.

true/false

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Occam’s razor states that complex explanations are more likely to be true than simple explanations.
true/false

Answer 2

false

Question 3

Intuition is the act, or faculty of knowing, or sensing outside the five physical senses.
true/false

Answer 3

true

Question 4

A law, such as Newton’s First Law of Motion, can never be proved wrong.
true/false

Answer 4

false

Question 5

The laws on Mars are slightly different than the laws on Earth due to the differences in each planet’s composition.
true/false

Answer 5

false

Question 6

Cause must always precede the effect.

Answer 6

Causality

Question 7

A substance made of atoms, all of which contain the same number of protons.

Answer 7

Element

Question 8

The laws of the universe are not different at different locations.

Answer 8

Position Symmetry

Question 9

An accepted source of expert information or advice

Answer 9

Authority

Question 10

The force that arises from the interaction of anything with mass

Answer 10

Gravity

Question 11

A well-tested theory, so firm as to be unquestioned by science

Answer 11

Law

Question 12

A push or pull on an object

Answer 12

Force

Question 13

The assertion that a world separate and distinct from our minds that actually exists

Answer 13

Existence

Question 14

Any of the four fundamental ways in which elementary particles and bodies can influence each other.

Answer 14

Interaction

Question 15

A tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation

Answer 15

Hypothesis

Question 16

The capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought

Answer 16

Reason

Question 17

A schematic description of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for its known or inferred properties and may be used for further study of its characteristics

Answer 17

Model

Question 18

The interaction between nucleons that holds them together

Answer 18

Strong Nuclear Interaction

Question 19

The laws of the universe do not change with time.

Answer 19

Time Symmetry

Question 20

Knowledge obtained through seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, and smelling

Answer 20

Sensory Data

Question 21

What are the four ways of learning?

Answer 21

Authority
Intuition
Sensory Data
Reason

Question 22

The act of knowing or sensing without the use of rational processes, or immediate cognition.

Answer 22

Intuition

Question 23

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

Answer 23

Cognition

Question 24

The force governing electron motion in an electric circuit

Answer 24

electromagnetic interaction.

Question 25

What is irrational, People and/or Nature?

Answer 25

People

Question 26

What sensory limitations affect human vision.

Answer 26

Spectral sensitivity, Spectral Resolution, Time resolution, Light intensity

Question 27

When people only see a limited number of color frequencies.

Answer 27

Spectral sensitivity

Question 28

We only have three color sensors for the frequencies of light that we can see.

Answer 28

Spectral Resolution

Question 29

If something is too small to see it clearly.

Answer 29

Spatial Resolution

Question 30

If things happen too fast we can't see them. If they are too slow we don't notice them.

Answer 30

Time resolution

Question 31

It takes a certain threshold of light to excite our retina before we can see on the low end, and if the light is too bright, we are blinded on the other end

Answer 31

Light intensity

Question 32

Which sense do humans not possess? An ability to feel static electricity. An ability to feel magnetism. An ability to sense infrared radiation An ability to detect infrasound

Answer 32

An ability to feel magnetism. The other things can be detected by "auxiliary" senses. Static electricity if felt by surface hairs "standing up", infrared radiation is felt as heat, infrasound can shake you in one way or another.

Question 33

A collection of observations that have been found to be related by a repeatable pattern and that have been linked by formulating a "model" that allows further experiments and predictions to me made.

Answer 33

Theory

Question 34

We cannot see infrared light with our eyes, but if we could what might be different?

Answer 34

Things would appear to change color when their temperature changed.

Question 35

Hypothesis -> Experiment -> Sensory Data -> Reasoning | What is this cycle?

Answer 35

Scientific Method

Question 36

What are the Six "Self-Evident"Truths?

Answer 36

1. Existence 2. Causality 3. Position Symmetry 4. Time Symmetry 5. Principle of Non contradiction 6. Occam's Razor

Question 37

The fact or state of having actual or real being.

Answer 37

Existence

Question 38

Of two contradictory propositions, both can not be true.

Answer 38

Principle of Non contradiction

Question 39

The intenteraction between nucleons that gives rise to the weak force.

Answer 39

Weak nuclear Interaction

Question 40

Name the 4 interactions of Nature from weak to strong.

Answer 40

Gravity, Nuclear weak, Electromagnetic, Nuclear strong

Question 41

Name the 4 interactions of Nature from Relative strength.

Answer 41

Gravity, Nuclear weak, Electromagnetic, Nuclear strong

Question 42

An unchanged particle in atomic nuclei made up of three quarks.

Answer 42

Neutron

Question 43

A generic name for either a proton or a neutron.

Answer 43

Nucleon

Question 44

The basic building block of protons and neutrons.

Answer 44

Quark

Question 45

Nuclear strong acts upon?

Answer 45

Nucleons

Question 46

Electromagnetic acts upon

Answer 46

Charged matter

Question 47

Nuclear weak acts upon

Answer 47

Nucleans

Question 48

Gravity acts upon

Answer 48

Mass

Question 49

A term referring to atoms whose nuclei can spontaneously change under the influence of the weak nuclear force.

Answer 49

Radioactive

Question 50

An elementary particle in atoms having a negative charge.

Answer 50

Electron | Electrons are located outside atomic nuclei.

Question 51

The fundamental unit of and element

Answer 51

Atom

Question 52

A substance composed entirely of atoms having the same number of protons in their nuclei.

Answer 52

Element

Question 53

The tiniest particles of a substance that retain all the physical properties of that substance. They are usually made up of more than one atom.

Answer 53

Molecules

Question 54

What makes up Electromagnetic interaction?

Answer 54

Radioactive, Electron, atom, element, moecules

Question 55

The sun and all planets, comets, asteroids, and other bodies that orbit about it under the pull of gravity.

Answer 55

Solar system

Question 56

What shape do object that are held together end to have?

Answer 56

Round shape

Question 57

Explain Gravitational interaction.

Answer 57

As molecular assemblies increase in mass they are eventually held together by gravity.

Question 58

The positively charged central region of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons.

Answer 58

Atomic Nuclei