Chapter 18,19,20 Flashcards
Define group
Two or more people who interact with each other for a common purpose
Define power
The ability a person has to get someone else to do something for them
6 types of power and examples
Reward power Coercive power Information power Legitimate power Expert power Referent power
Three styles of authority and explanation
Democratic-where the leader negotiates decisions with the group
Authoritarian-where the leader actively makes all the decisions and has control over the group
Laissez-faire- where the leader takes no part in the group dynamics or decision making. There’s no real structure
Define deindividuation
A concept generally thought of as the loss of self awareness in groups. Eg sunglasses disguise individuality
Overview of zimbados experiment
Studied power. See if the guards would take on the role of power when put in the conditions. Guards inflicted horrendous things even though they knew the prisoners were innocent
What is the IV and dv in the zimbados experiment
Iv- the environment participants were put in
Dv- how they reacted
Two violation of ethical principle in zimbados experiment
Violation of no harm principle- prisoners physically and emotionally abused wiht many long term effects
Violation of withdrawal rights- participants got so involved in the experiment they forgot they could leave and felt trapped.
Aim of milgrams experiment
To discover how far people for obedience and wether participants would obey an authority figure to carry out actions that caused severe pain to another person
Ethical issues with milgrams experiment
Violation of the no harm principle- participants experienced extreme anxiety
Withdrawal rights- even when participant were showing dicomfort and required to stop they were told to continue
Deception- participants were deceived about purpose of experiment
Aim of he asch experiment
To investigate to which an individual within a group will conform to the majority opinion
Conclusion of aschs experiment
Participants wanted to feel that they belonged in the group
Participants believed that other group members were better informed than they
What are the 7 factors affecting conformity
Normative influence Culture Informational influence Group size Unanimity Deindividuation Social loafing
Define social loafing
The tendency of an individual reducing their effort when working in a group of people
Define normative influence
A persons tendency to go along with the group so that they fit in and gain the approval of other group members
Explain informational influence
When a person wants to provide the correct response therefore they are others who are more capable of making accurate judgements
Explain group size with affecting conformity
When a group size is roughly three and above people the amount of conformity is increased dramatically
Define helping behaviour
Also called prosocial. Is the action of assisting others
What are the three reasons we help others
Biological- getetic, see parents helping (nature)
Environmental- learning it form watching others (nurture)
Combination - both nature and nurture
Define altruistic
Assisting others without expecting anything in return
Aim of milgrams experiment
To discover how far people for obedience and wether participants would obey an authority figure to carry out actions that caused severe pain to another person