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History > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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0
Q

What were the main reasons the Europeans began exploring the world in the 1400s

A

Strong governments, trade with Asia, maps

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1
Q

Technology is

A

A scientific knowledge used to develop various things

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2
Q

What is the Strait of Magellan

A

Passage found by Ferdinand Magellan that goes through the south of Africa

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3
Q

Who is Vasco DE Gama

A

Portuguese first to round the tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean and India

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4
Q

Who is Christopher Columbus

A

Italian navigator who sailed three times to America

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5
Q

Who Was Ferdinand Magellan

A

Spanish Sailed around the world discovered the Strait of Magellen

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6
Q

Who is John Cabot

A

English explorer searched for a northern route to Asia

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7
Q

Who is Jacques Cartier

A

French explorer sailed the St. Lawrence River

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8
Q

License means

A

Permission

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9
Q

Who was the first European to sail to India. Who’s crew was the first to sail around the world

A

Vasco de Gama. Ferdinand Magellan

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10
Q

Mercantilism is

A

Power by building up gold and silver

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11
Q

Export is to

A

Sell

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12
Q

Import is to

A

Buy

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13
Q

Colony is

A

Group of people living in a new place controlled by their homeland

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14
Q

Commerce is

A

Buying and selling of goods in large amounts

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15
Q

Invest is to

A

Put money into a project

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16
Q

How did merchants raise the money for overseas trade

A

Joint stock companies

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17
Q

What are some positive effects of a global exchange

A

New food, better livestock, new ideas shared, higher population, horses, Japan reunites

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18
Q

What are some negative effects of a global exchange

A

Disease, germs, slavery, Europeans take over

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19
Q

Describe the Columbian exchange

A

To exchange food, ideas, global exchange

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20
Q

Where did the Europeans explore and what did they do there

A

Americas, Asia, and Africa

claimed land, traded, started slavery

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21
Q

What factors led to the growth of scientific knowledge in Europe

A

Exploration, time, contact with the Islamic world, New universities

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22
Q

Theory is

A

Explanation of how or why something happens

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23
Q

Describe scientific knowledge during the Middle Ages

A

Most were concerned with theology

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24
Q

Who was Kepler

A

German astronomers who discovered elipses

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25
Q

What is a revolution

A

A sweeping change

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26
Q

How did Galileo prove Copernicus’s theory

A

The telescope was improved

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27
Q

What major scientific discoveries did Isaac Newton, Lavoiseir, Andreas Vesalius, Harvey, Hook, and Boyle discover

A 
Isaac Newton= gravity and laws of motion
Lavoiseir= to burn, you need oxygen
Andreas Vesalius= detailed account of the human body
Harvey= blood flows through the body
Hook= cells
Boyle= different gases and elements
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28
Q

What is an element

A

A substance that cannot be broken down

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29
Q

To contribute is to

A

Give to

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30
Q

According to Newton what force held the planets in orbit

A

Gravity

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31
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method

A

Observe a fact, hypothesize, predict, test, modify

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32
Q

What is rationalism

A

The belief that reason is the source of knowledge

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33
Q

What Is the scientific method

A

A Process to collect and analyze evidence

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34
Q

Hypothesize means

A

An explanation of facts

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35
Q

Who is Descartes

A

Founder of rationalism I think therefore I am

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36
Q

The principle is

A

A basic truth or law

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37
Q

How did the scientific revolution change life in the 1600s

A

New discovery, new technology, medical advancements, exploration grew, new universities

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38
Q

What is the scientific method and how did it change ideas about society

A

It helped people find truth for themselves

truth based on knowledge

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39
Q

Who theorized that planets moved in oval patterns around the sun

A

Kepler

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40
Q

Who said I think therefore I am

A

Descartes

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41
Q

Who is the Sun King?

A

Louis the 14th

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42
Q

What is an explanation of how something works based on facts

A

Theory

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43
Q

What were the navigation acts

A

Trading restrictions by Britain for the colonists

44
Q

What is a global exchange of ideas, food, and diseases called

A

Columbian exchange

45
Q

What is an English document written in the glorious Revolution

A

English Bill of Rights

46
Q

What year did Britney recognize America as a country

A

1783

47
Q

What century did the scientific revolution begin

A

1600

48
Q

Who thought people are naturally violent

A

Thomas Hobbes

49
Q

What did Montesquieu believe in

A

Separation of powers

50
Q

Religion based on reason

A

Deism

51
Q

Who liked religious freedom

A

Voltaire

52
Q

Where did Ptolemy believe the sun was

A

He believed it revolved around the earth

53
Q

Who wrote common sense

A

Thomas Paine

54
Q

Who was Defeated by English in 1588

A

Spanish Armada

55
Q

Who believed the sun was at the center of the solar system

A

Copernicus

56
Q

William Harvey discovered

A

Blood pumping through the heart

57
Q

Why was Galileo tried for heresy

A

He agreed with Copernicus that the sun was in the middle

58
Q

What was the result of the Intolerable Acts

A

A rebellion of the colonists and as a result America was made

59
Q

What is natural law

A

A law that applies to everybody and can be understood with reason

60
Q

What does popular sovereignty Mean

A

The government gets power from the people

61
Q

What is a social contract

A

An agreement between the government and the people

62
Q

What is absolutism

A

Ruler has absolute power

63
Q

What tools and discoveries led to exploration

A

Rutter, compass, maps, excess money, Astrolabe, triangle sails, caravel

64
Q

What did Galileo and Newton Discover

A

Galileo: sun in center
Newton: gravity

65
Q

How did the new government of America reflect Enlightenment ideas

A

Popular sovereignty: the idea that government receives its powers from the people
Limited sovereignty: the idea that a government may use only those powers giving to it by the people
Social contract: an agreement between rulers and the people

66
Q

Natural law

A

A law that applies to everyone and can be understood by reason

67
Q

Social contract

A

An agreement between rulers and the people

68
Q

Separation of powers

A

Made by Montesquieu means that power should be equally divided among the branches of government

69
Q

Monitesquieu

A

A French thinker liked the idea of separation of powers

70
Q

Intolerable acts

A

Punishment laws for the Boston Tea Party. They closed down the harbor, and put Massachusetts under military rule, British troops were to be given places to stay in houses

71
Q

Scientific method order

A 
Observe a fact
Hypothesize 
Predict
Test 
Modify
72
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Strong supporter of monarchy, wrote Leviathan, thought human were naturally selfish and violent

73
Q

John Locke

A

English thinker who used natural law to affirm citizen’s rights and to make government answerable to the people, wrote the two Treatises of government, government based on natural law. Came up with the social contract.

74
Q

Name the four reasons English settlers came to America

A

1) religious freedom
2) was farm-less
3) to make money
4) they were unemployed

75
Q

What is a representative government

A

A government in which people elect representatives to make laws and conduct government

76
Q

What is the Constitution

A

A written plan of government

77
Q

Who were the pilgrims

A

Puritans that came to America to worship freely

78
Q

Where is Quebec

A

Trading post in Canada

79
Q

Where is Jamestown

A

The first permanent English settlement named after King James I

80
Q

How was the funding of Jamestown different from the funding of Plymouth

A

It was set up by a joint stock company

it was started by Pilgrims who wanted to worship freely

81
Q

What is Boston

A

A colony where the Boston massacre happened and the Boston tea party

82
Q

What does impose mean

A

To force

83
Q

What does guaranteed mean

A

A promise

84
Q

What was the Boston tea party

A

It was when the colonists threw the tea a British trading company shipped to the colonies into the Boston Harbor. They were protesting thentaxes colonial tea merchants had to pay.

85
Q

What is popular sovereignty

A

The idea that government receives its powers from the people

86
Q

What is limited government

A

The idea that the government may use only those powers given to it by the people

87
Q

Who was George Washington

A

The head of the colonial Army and the first president of United States

88
Q

Who was Tom Paine

A

A writer who wrote common sense agreed with thinkers

89
Q

Who was Thomas Jefferson

A

He wrote the declaration of independence

90
Q

Where is Philadelphia

A

The Continental Congress met in this colony

91
Q

What is natural law

A

A law that applies to everyone and can be understood by reason

92
Q

What is a social contract

A

An agreement between rulers and the people

93
Q

What is a separation of powers

A

Made by Montesquieu means that power should be equally divided among the branches of government

94
Q

Who was Montesquieu

A

A French thinker - liked the idea of separation of powers

95
Q

What does reveal mean

A

To show

96
Q

What is a contract

A

An agreement between two or more parties

97
Q

What is a Deism

A

A Religious belief based on reason

98
Q

Who was Voltaire

A

A French philosopher-a supporter of deism

99
Q

What does maintain mean

A

To keep up with

100
Q

What is a range

A

Full extent

101
Q

Who were the philosophes

A

They were philosophers-used reason to change society

102
Q

What is St. Petersburg

A

A Russian city founded by Peter I

103
Q

What is Prussia

A

Powerful German state rule by Frederick the great

104
Q

What is Austria

A

Powerful German state ruled by the Hapsburgs

105
Q

How did the ideas of absolute monarchs conflict with the ideas of enlightenment thinkers

A

–Enlightenment thinkers
Serfs free
–absolute monarchs
what I say goes

106
Q

What was the enlightenment

A

Reason is a guide better than truth and religion

A time period When thinkers thought

107
Q

How did enlightenment of ideas affect government

A

Social contract = government protects citizens
freedom of speech
natural law
separation of powers

History (9 decks)

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