Chapter 18 Flashcards
0
Q
What were the main reasons the Europeans began exploring the world in the 1400s
A
Strong governments, trade with Asia, maps
1
Q
Technology is
A
A scientific knowledge used to develop various things
2
Q
What is the Strait of Magellan
A
Passage found by Ferdinand Magellan that goes through the south of Africa
3
Q
Who is Vasco DE Gama
A
Portuguese first to round the tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean and India
4
Q
Who is Christopher Columbus
A
Italian navigator who sailed three times to America
5
Q
Who Was Ferdinand Magellan
A
Spanish Sailed around the world discovered the Strait of Magellen
6
Q
Who is John Cabot
A
English explorer searched for a northern route to Asia
7
Q
Who is Jacques Cartier
A
French explorer sailed the St. Lawrence River
8
Q
License means
A
Permission
9
Q
Who was the first European to sail to India. Who’s crew was the first to sail around the world
A
Vasco de Gama. Ferdinand Magellan
10
Q
Mercantilism is
A
Power by building up gold and silver
11
Q
Export is to
A
Sell
12
Q
Import is to
A
Buy
13
Q
Colony is
A
Group of people living in a new place controlled by their homeland
14
Q
Commerce is
A
Buying and selling of goods in large amounts
15
Q
Invest is to
A
Put money into a project
16
Q
How did merchants raise the money for overseas trade
A
Joint stock companies
17
Q
What are some positive effects of a global exchange
A
New food, better livestock, new ideas shared, higher population, horses, Japan reunites
18
Q
What are some negative effects of a global exchange
A
Disease, germs, slavery, Europeans take over
19
Q
Describe the Columbian exchange
A
To exchange food, ideas, global exchange
20
Q
Where did the Europeans explore and what did they do there
A
Americas, Asia, and Africa
claimed land, traded, started slavery
21
Q
What factors led to the growth of scientific knowledge in Europe
A
Exploration, time, contact with the Islamic world, New universities
22
Q
Theory is
A
Explanation of how or why something happens
23
Q
Describe scientific knowledge during the Middle Ages
A
Most were concerned with theology
24
Who was Kepler
German astronomers who discovered elipses
25
What is a revolution
A sweeping change
26
How did Galileo prove Copernicus's theory
The telescope was improved
27
What major scientific discoveries did Isaac Newton, Lavoiseir, Andreas Vesalius, Harvey, Hook, and Boyle discover
```
Isaac Newton= gravity and laws of motion
Lavoiseir= to burn, you need oxygen
Andreas Vesalius= detailed account of the human body
Harvey= blood flows through the body
Hook= cells
Boyle= different gases and elements
```
28
What is an element
A substance that cannot be broken down
29
To contribute is to
Give to
30
According to Newton what force held the planets in orbit
Gravity
31
What are the steps of the scientific method
Observe a fact, hypothesize, predict, test, modify
32
What is rationalism
The belief that reason is the source of knowledge
33
What Is the scientific method
A Process to collect and analyze evidence
34
Hypothesize means
An explanation of facts
35
Who is Descartes
Founder of rationalism I think therefore I am
36
The principle is
A basic truth or law
37
How did the scientific revolution change life in the 1600s
New discovery, new technology, medical advancements, exploration grew, new universities
38
What is the scientific method and how did it change ideas about society
It helped people find truth for themselves
truth based on knowledge
39
Who theorized that planets moved in oval patterns around the sun
Kepler
40
Who said I think therefore I am
Descartes
41
Who is the Sun King?
Louis the 14th
42
What is an explanation of how something works based on facts
Theory
43
What were the navigation acts
Trading restrictions by Britain for the colonists
44
What is a global exchange of ideas, food, and diseases called
Columbian exchange
45
What is an English document written in the glorious Revolution
English Bill of Rights
46
What year did Britney recognize America as a country
1783
47
What century did the scientific revolution begin
1600
48
Who thought people are naturally violent
Thomas Hobbes
49
What did Montesquieu believe in
Separation of powers
50
Religion based on reason
Deism
51
Who liked religious freedom
Voltaire
52
Where did Ptolemy believe the sun was
He believed it revolved around the earth
53
Who wrote common sense
Thomas Paine
54
Who was Defeated by English in 1588
Spanish Armada
55
Who believed the sun was at the center of the solar system
Copernicus
56
William Harvey discovered
Blood pumping through the heart
57
Why was Galileo tried for heresy
He agreed with Copernicus that the sun was in the middle
58
What was the result of the Intolerable Acts
A rebellion of the colonists and as a result America was made
59
What is natural law
A law that applies to everybody and can be understood with reason
60
What does popular sovereignty Mean
The government gets power from the people
61
What is a social contract
An agreement between the government and the people
62
What is absolutism
Ruler has absolute power
63
What tools and discoveries led to exploration
Rutter, compass, maps, excess money, Astrolabe, triangle sails, caravel
64
What did Galileo and Newton Discover
Galileo: sun in center
Newton: gravity
65
How did the new government of America reflect Enlightenment ideas
Popular sovereignty: the idea that government receives its powers from the people
Limited sovereignty: the idea that a government may use only those powers giving to it by the people
Social contract: an agreement between rulers and the people
66
Natural law
A law that applies to everyone and can be understood by reason
67
Social contract
An agreement between rulers and the people
68
Separation of powers
Made by Montesquieu means that power should be equally divided among the branches of government
69
Monitesquieu
A French thinker liked the idea of separation of powers
70
Intolerable acts
Punishment laws for the Boston Tea Party. They closed down the harbor, and put Massachusetts under military rule, British troops were to be given places to stay in houses
71
Scientific method order
```
Observe a fact
Hypothesize
Predict
Test
Modify
```
72
Thomas Hobbes
Strong supporter of monarchy, wrote Leviathan, thought human were naturally selfish and violent
73
John Locke
English thinker who used natural law to affirm citizen's rights and to make government answerable to the people, wrote the two Treatises of government, government based on natural law. Came up with the social contract.
74
Name the four reasons English settlers came to America
1) religious freedom
2) was farm-less
3) to make money
4) they were unemployed
75
What is a representative government
A government in which people elect representatives to make laws and conduct government
76
What is the Constitution
A written plan of government
77
Who were the pilgrims
Puritans that came to America to worship freely
78
Where is Quebec
Trading post in Canada
79
Where is Jamestown
The first permanent English settlement named after King James I
80
How was the funding of Jamestown different from the funding of Plymouth
It was set up by a joint stock company
| it was started by Pilgrims who wanted to worship freely
81
What is Boston
A colony where the Boston massacre happened and the Boston tea party
82
What does impose mean
To force
83
What does guaranteed mean
A promise
84
What was the Boston tea party
It was when the colonists threw the tea a British trading company shipped to the colonies into the Boston Harbor. They were protesting thentaxes colonial tea merchants had to pay.
85
What is popular sovereignty
The idea that government receives its powers from the people
86
What is limited government
The idea that the government may use only those powers given to it by the people
87
Who was George Washington
The head of the colonial Army and the first president of United States
88
Who was Tom Paine
A writer who wrote common sense agreed with thinkers
89
Who was Thomas Jefferson
He wrote the declaration of independence
90
Where is Philadelphia
The Continental Congress met in this colony
91
What is natural law
A law that applies to everyone and can be understood by reason
92
What is a social contract
An agreement between rulers and the people
93
What is a separation of powers
Made by Montesquieu means that power should be equally divided among the branches of government
94
Who was Montesquieu
A French thinker - liked the idea of separation of powers
95
What does reveal mean
To show
96
What is a contract
An agreement between two or more parties
97
What is a Deism
A Religious belief based on reason
98
Who was Voltaire
A French philosopher-a supporter of deism
99
What does maintain mean
To keep up with
100
What is a range
Full extent
101
Who were the philosophes
They were philosophers-used reason to change society
102
What is St. Petersburg
A Russian city founded by Peter I
103
What is Prussia
Powerful German state rule by Frederick the great
104
What is Austria
Powerful German state ruled by the Hapsburgs
105
How did the ideas of absolute monarchs conflict with the ideas of enlightenment thinkers
--Enlightenment thinkers
Serfs free
--absolute monarchs
what I say goes
106
What was the enlightenment
Reason is a guide better than truth and religion
| A time period When thinkers thought
107
How did enlightenment of ideas affect government
Social contract = government protects citizens
freedom of speech
natural law
separation of powers
