Chapter 18 Flashcards
Who did the Napoleonic system rely upon?
masses de granit - notables
What did Napoleon promise in terms of Class distinctions and what actually happened?
Theory : No class distinction (amalgame)
Practice : limited chances for everybody outside the military
When was the Legion of Honour established?
1802
Characteristics of the Legion of Honour
Hierarchy with different titles
all inclusive - man and women
How many women got into the Legion of Honour
3
How many awards were given out until 1814
32.000 awards of which only 1.500 went to civilians
When did Napoleon create his own nobility
officially in 1808 but already in 1804 members of the Bonapart family became nobles
From the new nobility how many were linked to the military?
2/3
Importance of the nobility
Relatively cheap to awards, linked his fate to their fate and supported the policy of ralliement
How many of the new nobles came from the ranks of the old nobility
22.5%
Evaluation of the new nobility
Not like the old first and second estate
1/7 of the size
linked to service
Educational reforms
(1802)
ecole populaire for all
45 lycees for boys
What was important about the lycees?
run with military discipline and a modern curriculum
What was the place allocation in the lycees like?
6400 places available
2400 went to sons of soldiers (imperial nobility)
What gave the system a centralised structure?
Establishment of the Imperial University in 1808
provided teacher training
oversaw the curriculum
conducted school inspections
To what extent was Napoleon’s education system secularised?
Not at all
By 1812 1/3 of the teachers had a religious background
What was Napoleons attitude towards women?
Traditionalists, divorced in 1810
no liberty, no equality
To what extent did women benefit from Napoleons reign?
Divorce by mutual consent and marginally more control of property
(no liberty - no equality)
Examples of censorship under Napoleon
Closed down Parisan newspapers from 73 in 1800 to 4 01’
Reports made on plays, lectures and posters
Theatres only operated under license
Difference between revolutionary and Napoleon’s propaganda
revolutionary - pictured liberty, equality and fraternity
Napoleon - personal image, self glorification - bringing oder to the chaos - chaos had been a product of too much liberty
Other channels of propaganda?
Art - Jacques David Louis
Buildings - Arc de Triomphe
What was reconciliation with the Church important for?
policies of amalgame and ralliement, ending the primary cause of civil war
What did the reconciliation with the church help with?
- another means of control, network of loyal priests
- preserve social order (most wanted)
When was the Concordat published?
Easter Sunday 02’
Content of the Concordat?
- Pope was head of Catholic Church
- Catholicism was “religion of the majority”
- reassured owners of biens nationaux
Importance of the “organic articles”
- government approval for any papal envoy entering France
- guaranteed religious toleration (jews and protestants)
What was the aftermath of the Concordat like?
relation with the pope deteriorated
Pope was imprisoned in 1809
How many Protestants and Jews were affected by the organic articles?
700.000 Protestants and 40.000 Jews
Who was supervising the clergy locally?
Prefects and police
