Chapter 18

Question 1

Who did the Napoleonic system rely upon?

Answer 1

masses de granit - notables

Question 2

What did Napoleon promise in terms of Class distinctions and what actually happened?

Answer 2

Theory : No class distinction (amalgame)

Practice : limited chances for everybody outside the military

Question 3

When was the Legion of Honour established?

Answer 3

1802

Question 4

Characteristics of the Legion of Honour

Answer 4

Hierarchy with different titles

all inclusive - man and women

Question 5

How many women got into the Legion of Honour

Answer 5

3

Question 6

How many awards were given out until 1814

Answer 6

32.000 awards of which only 1.500 went to civilians

Question 7

When did Napoleon create his own nobility

Answer 7

officially in 1808 but already in 1804 members of the Bonapart family became nobles

Question 8

From the new nobility how many were linked to the military?

Answer 8

2/3

Question 9

Importance of the nobility

Answer 9

Relatively cheap to awards, linked his fate to their fate and supported the policy of ralliement

Question 10

How many of the new nobles came from the ranks of the old nobility

Answer 10

22.5%

Question 11

Evaluation of the new nobility

Answer 11

Not like the old first and second estate
1/7 of the size
linked to service

Question 12

Educational reforms

Answer 12

(1802)
ecole populaire for all
45 lycees for boys

Question 13

What was important about the lycees?

Answer 13

run with military discipline and a modern curriculum

Question 14

What was the place allocation in the lycees like?

Answer 14

6400 places available

2400 went to sons of soldiers (imperial nobility)

Question 15

What gave the system a centralised structure?

Answer 15

Establishment of the Imperial University in 1808
provided teacher training
oversaw the curriculum
conducted school inspections

Question 16

To what extent was Napoleon’s education system secularised?

Answer 16

Not at all

By 1812 1/3 of the teachers had a religious background

Question 17

What was Napoleons attitude towards women?

Answer 17

Traditionalists, divorced in 1810

no liberty, no equality

Question 18

To what extent did women benefit from Napoleons reign?

Answer 18

Divorce by mutual consent and marginally more control of property
(no liberty - no equality)

Question 19

Examples of censorship under Napoleon

Answer 19

Closed down Parisan newspapers from 73 in 1800 to 4 01’
Reports made on plays, lectures and posters
Theatres only operated under license

Question 20

Difference between revolutionary and Napoleon’s propaganda

Answer 20

revolutionary - pictured liberty, equality and fraternity

Napoleon - personal image, self glorification - bringing oder to the chaos - chaos had been a product of too much liberty

Question 21

Other channels of propaganda?

Answer 21

Art - Jacques David Louis

Buildings - Arc de Triomphe

Question 22

What was reconciliation with the Church important for?

Answer 22

policies of amalgame and ralliement, ending the primary cause of civil war

Question 23

What did the reconciliation with the church help with?

Answer 23

• another means of control, network of loyal priests

- preserve social order (most wanted)

Question 24

When was the Concordat published?

Answer 24

Easter Sunday 02’

Question 25

Content of the Concordat?

Answer 25

• Pope was head of Catholic Church
• Catholicism was “religion of the majority”
• reassured owners of biens nationaux

Question 26

Importance of the “organic articles”

Answer 26

• government approval for any papal envoy entering France

- guaranteed religious toleration (jews and protestants)

Question 27

What was the aftermath of the Concordat like?

Answer 27

relation with the pope deteriorated

Pope was imprisoned in 1809

Question 28

How many Protestants and Jews were affected by the organic articles?

Answer 28

700.000 Protestants and 40.000 Jews

Question 29

Who was supervising the clergy locally?

Answer 29

Prefects and police