Chapter 12 Flashcards
How many people were killed during during the terror 1792-1794
- 000
17. 000 guillotined
Which stage was known as the “popular terror”
Sep - December 93’
Which law was passed on the 17th September 93’
Law of Suspects
What was the impact of the law of suspects?
September 1793
rapid increase in the number of trials (Revolutionary Tribunals)
How many cases were heard between Sep. and Dec. 93’
500.000 cases
When did the show trials start?
In October 93’
featuring Marie Antoinette, the 21 Girondins, Madame Roland and the duc d’Orleans
Which campaign was started on the 10th October 93’
Saint Just’s “revolutionary until peace campaign”
- comites de surveillance
- armees revolutionnaries
- representants en mission
What were the noyades
mass drownings on the River Loire (2000 executed)
What were the mitraillades
Convicts killed by canons loaded with grape shot
How significant was the impact of the sans-culottes on the CPS and the Convention?
significant impact as seen in
- dechristianisation campaign driven by Herbert (policy of Paris commune)
- November 93’ highpoint, “Festival of Reason”
- Law of Suspects, Sept 93’
- revolutionary calendar
- Law of Maximum Sept 93’
What was the relationship between the Convention and the sans-culottes in late 93’
Girondins - fearful of the excesses but did not acknowledge responsibility (Roland, Minister of the Interior)
-too many conflicting bodies
-Convention did not agree on “Festival of Reason”
issued the “liberty of cults” decree
law of Frimaire II
December 93’
-centralised structure, CPS was supreme
-armees revolutionnaries disbanded from March 94’
popular societies and local committees were shut down
Significance of the Law of Frimaire?
removing sans-culottes channels of activity, reducing power and influence
Which fractions put pressure on the Convention in early 94
Herbert- claiming Robespierre was setting up a dictatorship
Indulgents - Danton and Desmoulins, terror to be scaled back
What did Robespierre call for in early 94
Republic of Virtue and end to ancien regime customs such as exhibited by the indulgents
When were Herbert and associates arrested and executed?
24th March 94
When were the indulgents executed?
5th April 94
Significance of the removal of rival factions
Dangerous position for the CPS
growing spilts
alientated extreme revolutionaries as well as moderates
Who was known as the triumvirate?
Robespierre, Saint Just and Couthon
Significance of the “cult of Supreme being”
June 94’
highpoint of Robespierre
masked some of the atmosphere of suspicion and fear
Progress of the war in 1794
went well
success at Fleurus
French had regained the initative
What was the significance of the Law of 22 Prarial
June 94’ - intensified the terror - Great Terror
- revolutionary tribunals were replaced by Parisian revolutionary tribunal
- Citizens to denounce any suspects
- Trials were to take no longer than three days
- Two possible verdicts (acquittal or death)
- immunity from prosecution for deputies disappeard
When was the Great Terror
June - July 94
How many people were sentenced to death during the Great Terror?
1284 death sentence just in Paris
How was Robespierre’s position weakened?
CGS had become hostile to CPS
personal indifferences
Plain was uneasy about persecutions
When were the 29 Girondin ministers arrested?
On June 2st 1793, pressure from sans-culottes
Who was representant en mission in the Vendee
Carrier
Who was representant en mission in Toulon
Barras and Freron
Who was representant en mission in Lyons
Herbois and Fouche
How many people were executed in the Vendee
7873
How many people were executed in the Toulon?
700-800 prisoners killed
How many people were executed in the Lyons
2000 executed
Where did the noyades take place
In the Vendee
Where did the mitraillades take place
Lyons
What was Robespierre view on faith?
Valuable ally in the maintenance of order and control
