Chapter 17.4, 17.5 - Benzene & Amines

Question 1

What are the reaction conditions for the bromination of benzene?

Answer 1

Heat under reflux

Halogen carrier catalyst

Question 2

What is the equation for the bromination of benzene?

Answer 2

Benzene + Br2 -> Bromobenzene + HBr

Question 3

What are the reaction conditions for the nitration of benzene?

Answer 3

Sulfuric acid catalyst

Question 4

What is the equation for the nitration of benzene?

Answer 4

Benzene + Nitric acid -> Nitrobenzene + Water

Question 5

What does nitrobenzene have attached?

Answer 5

NO2

Question 6

What are the reaction conditions of the alkylation of benzene?

Answer 6

Halogen carrier catalyst

Question 7

What is the equation for the alkylation of benzene?

Answer 7

Benzene + Halogenoalkane -> Alkylebenzene + HX

Question 8

Give an example equation for the alkylation of benzene

Answer 8

Benzene + Chloromethane -> Methylbenzene + HCl

Question 9

What are the reaction conditions for the acylation of benzene?

Answer 9

Halogen carrier catalyst

Question 10

What is the equation for the acylation of benzene?

Answer 10

Benzene + Acyl chloride -> Ketone (with attached benzene ring) + HCl

Question 11

Give an example equation for the acylation of benzene

Answer 11

Benzene + Ethanoyl chloride -> Phenylethanone + HCl

Question 12

How do you produce benzenesulfonic acid?

Answer 12

By reacting benzene with FUMING sulfuric acid

Question 13

What is the electrophile in the reaction between benzene and FUMING sulfuric acid?

Answer 13

Sulfur trioxide

Question 14

What is the reagent used to source sulfur trioxide?

Answer 14

FUMING sulfuric acid

Question 15

Why is sulfur trioxide an effective nucleophile?

Answer 15

The sulfur has a large partially positive charge, as it surrounded by 3 more electronegative oxygen atoms