Chapter 17: Sex and the Brain Flashcards
How many autosomes are there and how many sex chromosomes?
44 autosomes
2 sex chromosomes
How is the gender of a human determined?
Gender is determined by the X or Y contribution of the father.
What is SRY?
It is a gene on the Y-Chromosome called: sex-determining region of the Y-Chromosome.
What does SRY code?
It codes for a protein called testis-determinig factor (TDF)
Which two key structures do the uncomitted gonads possess?
Müllerian duct and thee Wolffian duct.
If the fetus has a Y chromosome and an SRY gene, testosterone is produced. Which duct develops into the male internal reproductive system?
Wolffian Duct.
The Müllerian Duct is prevented from developing by a hormone called Müllerian-inhibiting factor.
Which endocrine glands release sex hormones, which is regulated by the pituitary?
The ovaries and the testes.
What are male hormones called, what are female hormones called?
Androgens
Estrogens
Testosterone is turned into estardiol by an enzyme called?
Aromatase
An increase of testosterone is correlated with…?
Social challanges, anger and conflict
Name two gonadotropins.
Luteinizing hormone LH
Follice-stimulating hormone FSH
What does Gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH do?
It is a hormone released by the hypothalamus and causes the anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH.
Why is GnRH often referred to as LHRH?
LHRH for Leteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, because it causes much greater increase in LH than FSH.
In males, Luteinizing hormone stimulates the testes to produce….?; And Follicle-stimulating hormone is involved in the……?
LH stimulates the testes to produce testosterone.
FSH is involved in the maturation of sperm cells within the testes.
How is it possible that psychological factors can decrease male fertility by inhibiting gonadotropin secretion and sperm production?
Because the hypothalamus get cortical input.