Chapter 17: Pain Management

Question 1

helps explain the way hypnosis and the pain relief techniques taught in childbirth preparation classes work to relieve the pain of labor. Example, offering the woman a back massage as a distraction.

Answer 1

Gate Control Theory

Question 2

occurs when pain occurs lower portion of the abdomen.

Answer 2

Visceral pain (ex. uterine ischemia during the first stage of labor)- Pain impulses in the first stage runs through T1-T12 spinal nerve segment.

Question 3

During the second stage of labor the woman described pain as intense, sharp, burning and well localized.

Answer 3

Somatic pain in the S2-S4 spinal nerve segments

Question 4

refers to the level of pain a laboring woman is willing to endure.

Answer 4

Pain tolerance

Question 5

type of breathing use during the latent phase of the first stage of labor when the woman can no longer walk or talk through her contractions

Answer 5

slow paced breathing (normal breathing rate)

Question 6

___ breathing is shallow breathing that is twice the woman’s normal breathing rate. It is used when labor progresses and the woman can no longer maintain relaxation through paced breathing.

Answer 6

modified paced breatjing

Question 7

___ breathing is fast 4:1 breath, breath, breath, blow pattern that is used during the transitional phase of labor just before pushing and delivery.

Answer 7

patterned-pace breathing

Question 8

also called light massage (stroking) usually in the abdomen, in rhythm with breathing during contractions

Answer 8

effleurage

Question 9

is steady pressure applied by a support person to the sacral area with a firm object (tennis ball) or the fist or heel of the hand.

Answer 9

counter pressure

Question 10

an opioid antagonist of Demerol that reduce the postnatal effects (respiratory distress) of the Demerol on the neonate?

Answer 10

Naloxone (Narcan)

Question 11

Abolishes pain perception by interrupting the nerve impulses to the brain. The loss of sensation may be partial or complete, sometimes with LOC

Answer 11

Anesthesia

Question 12

Refers to the alleviation of pain or raising of the threshold for pain receptors without LOC

Answer 12

Analgesia

Question 13

____ are attached to either side of the spine to provide high intensity electrical impulses facilitate the release of endorphins and help lower back pain during the first stage of labor.

Answer 13

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Question 14

Conscious relaxation is associated with which method of childbirth preparation

Answer 14

Grantly Dick-Read method- women are taught to consciously and progressively relax different muscle groups throughout the body until a high degree of skill at relaxation is achieved.

Question 15

combines controlled muscular relaxation and breathing techniques

Answer 15

Lamaze/psychoprophylactic method

Question 16

advocates natural labor, without any form of anesthesia or analgesia, assisted by a husband or couch and using breathing techniques for labor.

Answer 16

Bradley method