Chapter 17: Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies Flashcards
regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis
endocrine system
glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body
endocrine glands
A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues
hormone
One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism
glucose
A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus
insulin
A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin
diabetes mellitus
The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in childhood and requires synthetic insulin for proper treatment and control
type 1 diabetes
The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications
type 2 diabetes
The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine
polyuria
Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; often a result of excessive urination
polydipsia
Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger
polyphagia
A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body
acidosis
A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body
Kussmaul respirations
An abnormally high glucose level in the blood
hyperglycemia