Chapter 17: Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis

A

endocrine system

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2
Q

glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body

A

endocrine glands

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3
Q

A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues

A

hormone

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4
Q

One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism

A

glucose

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5
Q

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus

A

insulin

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6
Q

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin

A

diabetes mellitus

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7
Q

The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in childhood and requires synthetic insulin for proper treatment and control

A

type 1 diabetes

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8
Q

The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications

A

type 2 diabetes

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9
Q

The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine

A

polyuria

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10
Q

Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; often a result of excessive urination

A

polydipsia

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11
Q

Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger

A

polyphagia

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12
Q

A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body

A

acidosis

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13
Q

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

A

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

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14
Q

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body

A

Kussmaul respirations

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15
Q

An abnormally high glucose level in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

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16
Q

An abnormally low glucose level in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

17
Q

A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia

A

hyperglycemic crisis (diabetic coma)

18
Q

Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status

A

hypoglycemic crisis (insulin shock)

19
Q

The study and prevention of blood-related disorders

A

hematology

20
Q

A hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle-shaped

A

sickle cell disease

21
Q

Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body

A

vaso-occlusive crisis

22
Q

A condition in which the body stops producing red blood cells; typically caused by infection

A

aplastic crisis

23
Q

A rapid destruction of red blood cells that occurs faster than the body’s ability to create new cells

A

hemolytic crisis

24
Q

An acute, painful enlargement of the spleen caused by sickle cell disease

A

splenic sequestration crisis

25
Q

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system

A

thrombosis

26
Q

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation

A

thrombophilia

27
Q

A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding

A

hemophilia