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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 17: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

alimentary canal

A

Tubular part of the digestive

tract from the mouth to the anus.

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2
Q

mucosa

A

Innermost layer of

the alimentary canal.

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3
Q

mucous membrane

A

Membrane that lines tubes and body
cavities that open to the outside of
the body.

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4
Q

lumen

A

Space in a tubular
structure such as a blood vessel or
intestine.

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5
Q

submucosa

A

Layer of
the alimentary canal underneath the
mucosa.

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6
Q

serosa

A

Outer covering of the

alimentary canal.

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7
Q

segmentation

A

Alternating contraction and
relaxation of circular muscle fi bers
that propels chyme through the
intestines.

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8
Q

peristalsis

A

Rhythmic
waves of muscular contraction in the
walls of certain tubular organs.

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9
Q

lingual frenulum

A

Fold of tissue that anchors the

tongue to the floor of the mouth.

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10
Q

palate

A

Roof of the mouth.

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11
Q

palatine

A

Pertaining to the

palate.

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12
Q

uvula

A

Fleshy portion of the
soft palate that hangs down above
the root of the tongue.

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13
Q

adenoids

A

The pharyngeal

tonsils in the nasopharynx.

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14
Q

mucus

A

Fluid secretion of

mucous cells.

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15
Q

parotid glands

A

Large salivary glands on the sides of
the face just in front and below the
ears.

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16
Q

sublingual

A

Beneath the

tongue.

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17
Q

oropharynx

A

Part of the
pharynx in the posterior to the oral
cavity.

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18
Q

laryngopharynx

A

Lower part of the pharynx near the

posterior to the lary

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19
Q

bolus

A

Mass of food passing

through the gastrointestinal tract.

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20
Q

esophagus

A

Tubular part
of the digestive tract between the
pharynx and the stomach.

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21
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A 
Ring
of muscle, at the distal end of
the esophagus where it joins the
stomach, that prevents food from
re-entering the esophagus when the
stomach contracts; cardiac sphincter.
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22
Q

stomach

A

Digestive organ
between the esophagus and the
small intestine.

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23
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscle between the stomach
and the duodenum; controls food
entry into the duodenum.

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24
Q

gastric gland

A

Gland in the stomach wall that secretes

gastric juice.

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25
gastric juice
Secretion of the gastric glands in the stomach.
26
pepsin
Protein-splitting enzyme that the gastric glands | secrete.
27
intrinsic factor
Substance that gastric glands produce to promote absorption of vitamin B12.
28
cholecystokinin
Hormone the small intestine secretes that stimulates release of pancreatic juice from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder.
29
enterogastric reflex
Inhibition of gastric (stomach) peristalsis and secretions | when food enters the small intestine.
30
amylase
Enzyme that hydrolyzes polysaccharides.
31
lipase
Fat-digesting enzyme.
32
trypsin
Enzyme in pancreatic juice that breaks down protein | molecules.
33
chymotrypsin
Protein splitting enzyme in pancreatic juice.
34
carboxypeptidase
Protein-splitting enzyme in pancreatic juice.
35
trypsinogen
Substance pancreatic cells secrete that is enzymatically cleaved to yield trypsin.
36
nuclease
Enzyme that catalyzes decomposition of nucleic | acids.
37
secretin
Hormone from the small intestine that stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic juice.
38
liver
Large, dark red organ in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side that detoxifies blood, stores glycogen and fat-soluble vitamins and synthesizes proteins, including clotting factors and enzymes.
39
hepatic sinusoid
Vascular channel in the liver.
40
Kupffer cell
Large, fixed phagocyte in the liver that removes bacterial cells from the blood.
41
hepatic
Pertaining to the liver.
42
bile
Fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
43
gallbladder
Saclike organ associated with the liver that | stores and concentrates bile.
44
cystic duct
Tube that connects the gallbladder to the bile | duct.
45
bile duct
Tube that transports bile from the cystic duct | and common hepatic duct to the duodenum.
46
small intestine
Part of the digestive tract extending from the stomach to the cecum; consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
47
duodenum
First portion of the small intestine that leads from the stomach to the jejunum.
48
jejunum
Part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum.
49
mesentery
Fold of peritoneal membrane that attaches an abdominal organ to the abdominal wall.
50
lacteal
Lymphatic capillary associated with a villus of the small intestine.
51
peptidase
Enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of polypeptides.
52
maltase
Enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of maltose into glucose.
53
lactase
Enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose.
54
ileocecal sphincter
Ring of muscle fibers at the distal end of the ileum where it joins the cecum.
55
appendix
Small, tubular appendage of lymphatic tissue that extends outward from the cecum; vermiform appendix.
56
colon
Part of the large intestine.
57
ascending colon
Portion of the large intestine that passes upward on the right side of the abdomen from the cecum to the lower edge of the liver.
58
transverse colon
Part of the large intestine that extends across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.
59
descending colon
Part of the large intestine that passes downward along the left side of the abdominal cavity to the brim of the pelvis.
60
sigmoid colon
S-shaped part of the large intestine between the descending colon and the rectum.
61
rectum
Terminal end of the digestive tube between the sigmoid colon and the anus.
62
anus
Inferior outlet of the digestive tube.
63
feces
Material expelled from the digestive tract during defecation.

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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