Chapter 13: Endocrine System Flashcards by saluka v

target cell

Cell with specific
receptors on which a hormone
exerts its effect.

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paracrine

Type of
endocrine secretion in which the
hormone affects nearby cells.

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autocrine

Hormone that
acts on the same cell that secreted
it.

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exocrine gland

Gland
that secretes its products into a duct
or onto a body surface.

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aldosterone

Adrenal
cortical hormone that regulates
sodium and potassium ion
concentrations and fluid volume.

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negative feedback

A mechanism that restores a
biochemical or other balance
in which build up of a product
suppresses its synthesis.

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tropic hormone

Hormone that has an endocrine

gland as its target tissue.

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pituitary gland

Endocrine gland attached to the base
of the brain that consists of anterior
and posterior lobes; the hypophysis

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growth hormone

Hormone released by the anterior
lobe of the pituitary gland that
promotes the growth of the
organism; GH

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prolactin

Hormone
secreted by the anterior pituitary
gland that stimulates the production
of milk in the mammary glands;
PRL.

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thyroid-stimulating hormone

Hormone
secreted from the anterior pituitary
gland that controls secretion from
the thyroid gland; TSH.

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adrenocorticotropic hormone

Hormone that the anterior pituitary
secretes to stimulate activity in the
adrenal cortex; ACTH.

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Follicle-stimulating hormone

Substance
secreted by the anterior pituitary
gland to stimulate development of
an ovarian follicle in a female or
production of sperm cells in a male;
FSH.

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luteinizing hormone

A hormone that the
anterior pituitary secretes that
controls formation of the corpus
luteum in females and testosterone
secretion in males.

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antidiuretic hormone

Hormone of the posterior
pituitary gland that enhances water
conservation in the kidneys; ADH,
vasopressin.

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oxytocin

Hormone
released by the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland that contracts smooth
muscles in the uterus and mammary
glands.

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thyroid gland

Endocrine
gland just below the larynx and in
front of the trachea that secretes
thyroid hormones.

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isthmus

Narrow connection

between two larger parts.

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thyroxine

Hormone

secreted by the thyroid gland; T4.

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triiodothyronine

Type of thyroid hormone; T3.

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calcitonin

Thyroid
hormone that regulates blood
calcium concentration.

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parathyroid gland

One of four small
endocrine glands embedded in the
posterior part of the thyroid gland.

adrenal gland

Endocrine gland on the superior

portion of each kidney.

Adrenal medulla

Inner part of the adrenal gland.

adrenal cortex

Outer part of the adrenal gland.

epinephrine

Hormone the adrenal medulla secretes during times of stress.

norepinephrine

Neurotransmitter released from the | axons of some nerve fibers.

renin-angiotensin system

An enzyme, renin, that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin, ultimately stimulating aldosterone secretion.

Angiotensinogen

Liver serum globulin that renin | converts to angiotensin I.

Angiotensin I

A peptide released when angiotensinogen | is decomposed.

Angiotensin II

Vasoconstricting biochemical released in response to reduced blood flow to the kidneys, elevating blood pressure.

cortisol

Glucocorticoid | secreted by the adrenal cortex.

pancreas

Glandular organ in the abdominal cavity that secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.

glucagon

Hormone secreted by the pancreatic islets that releases glucose from glycogen.

insulin

Hormone the pancreatic islets secrete that stimulates cells to take up glucose.

somatostatin

Hormone secreted by the pancreatic islets that inhibits the release of growth hormone.

melatonin

Hormone | that the pineal gland secretes.

thymus

Glandular organ in the mediastinum, behind the sternum and between the lungs.

Thymosins

Group of peptides the thymus gland secretes that increases production of certain types of white blood cells.

testis (pl. testes)

Primary male reproductive organ; sperm cellproducing organ

Ovaries

Primary female reproductive organ; an egg cellproducing organ.

Placenta

Structure that attaches the fetus to the uterine wall, delivering nutrients to and removing wastes from the fetus.

Stressor

Factor that can | stimulate a stress response.

stress

Response to factors | perceived as life-threatening.

Hormones released from: Anterior Pituitary Gland

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating), GH (growth hormone), PRL (Prolactin)

Hormones released from: Posterior Pituitary Gland

ADH (antidiuretic hormone), OT (oxytocin)

Hormones released from: Thyroid Gland

Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin

Hormones released from: Adrenal Medulla

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Hormones released from: Adrenal Cortex

Cortisol, Aldosterone, Adrenal androgens and estrogens

Hormones released from: Pancreas

glucagon, insulin, somatostatin

Hormones released from: Pineal Gland

melatonin

Hormones released from: Thymus

Thymosins

Hormones released from: Ovaries, testes, placenta

estrogens, progesterone, testosterone,