Chapter 17 - Assault and Harassment - Definitions Flashcards
Competitive disadvantage
A theorized developmental pattern in which the witnessing and expression of aggressive behaviours as well as a disadvantaged environment lead to chronic patterns of deviant behaviour in adulthood.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
A form of psychotherapy to alleviate trauma-related symptoms and associated distressing memories through exposure to stimuli of traumatic events while simultaneously focussing on dual attention stimulus (e.g., hand-tapping, electronic- or therapist-directed lateral eye movement).
Human sex trafficking
A form of slavery in which individuals are forced to engage in sexual acts for others’ profit.
Incidence estimates
Estimates based on the documented instances of a certain condition in a given period of time.
Marital rape
Within a spousal relationship, any unwanted intercourse or penetration (oral, vaginal, or anal) obtained by force, by threat of force, or when a spouse is unable to consent.
Peace bond
A court order requiring a person to keep a certain distance from you, your workplace, your home, or any member of your family.
Post-traumatic growth
Positive psychological change following a major negative event.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
An anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a life-threatening or serious anxiety-producing event and can cause persistent and chronic psychological symptoms, such as flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, hyperarousal, and anxiety.
Prevalence estimates
Estimates based on the percentage of surveyed individuals who report having participated in or experienced a certain condition in a given period of time.
Protection order
A civil court order available in some provinces that provides various emergency and long-term orders to protect victims of family violence.
Psychopathy
A theorized developmental pattern in which an individual’s antisocial behaviour is life persistent, has no known environmental causes, and involves manipulation and exploitation of others for personal gain.
Rape
The act of initiating sexual intercourse with a person without his or her consent; it may involve physical force, verbal coercion, abuse of authority, or an incapacity to provide valid consent.
Rape myths
Inaccurate beliefs about sexual assault.
Rape trauma syndrome (RTS)
A two-phase stress response pattern that typically follows a sexual assault.
Restraining order
A family court order that forbids a spouse, a partner, or another family member from harassing the victim and sets limits on the conditions under which the person can contact the victim.
Sexual assault
A range of non-consensual sexual experiences, including unwanted touching; oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse; and sexual violence.
Sexual harassment
Any unwanted sex-related behaviours that are considered by the recipient to be offensive, threatening, or demeaning.
Stalking
Harassing behaviour such as repeatedly following, intimidating, or tracking another person against his or her will.
Victim precipitation theory
A theory that suggests that victims are in part responsible for their assaults due to their own particular behaviours or characteristics.
Young male syndrome
A theorized route to delinquent and/or criminal acts in which individuals engage in risky, violent, and competitive behaviour, especially during adolescence and early adulthood, to demonstrate their dominance and willingness to incur risks to attain goals.
