Chapter 10 - Gender Flashcards
Gender
The psychological experience of femaleness and/or maleness.
Biological sex
The biological condition of being male and/or female, as determined by genes, chromosomes, hormones, and physical traits.
Gender identity
The way in which one identifies with a gender category.
Gender role
The set of social and behavioural norms that are considered to be socially appropriate for individuals with a specific sex in the context of a specific culture.
Phenotype
The outward appearance or expression of a set of physical and behavioural traits, determined by genotype and environment.
Genotype
The genetic constitution of an organism, determined by genetic components inherited from the organism’s parents.
Chromosomal sex
Sex determined by the combination of sex chromosomes.
Gonadal sex
Sex determined by the presence of female gonads (ovaries) and/or male gonads (testicles).
Hormonal sex
Sex determined by levels of estrogens and androgens.
Gender schemas
Mental frameworks based on understandings of how men and women typically behave.
Gender stereotypes
Widely held beliefs about the typical characteristics and behaviours of men and women.
Reproductive fitness
The ability to successfully pass on genes to the next generation.
Parental investment theory
A theory proposed by Robert Trivers (1972) that predicts that the sex making the larger investment in offspring will be more discriminating in mating.
Cohen’s d effect size
A measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables in a population.
Sociosexuality
Individual differences in the willingness to engage in casual sexual activity.
Specificity of sexual arousal
Agreement between self-reported sexual attractions and sexual arousal patterns.
Sexual concordance
Agreement between self-reported sexual arousal and genital arousal.
Disorders of sexual development (DSDs)
A group of conditions in which the reproductive organs and/or genitals develop differently than expected.
Intersex individuals
Individuals whose reproductive and or sexual anatomy develops differently from what is considered to be typical in either a female or a male.
Cloacal exstrophy
A rare developmental variation in which the abdominal organs are exposed and the genitals develop abnormally.
Penile agenesis
A rare developmental variation in which a male child is born without a penis.
Virilization
The biological development of sex differences, specifically changes that make a male body different from a female body.
Gender socialization
The learning of behaviour and attitudes considered appropriate for a given gender role.
Gender dysphoria
Distress resulting from the discrepancy between one’s felt gender identity and one’s biological sex and/or the gender one was assigned at birth.
Transition related surgeries (TRSs)
Surgical procedures to alter physical characteristics to resemble those typically associated with one’s felt gender.
Transwoman
A biological male who identifies and presents as a woman.
Transman
A biological female who identifies and presents as a man.
Genderqueer
A person whose gender identification and self-presentation does not conform to gender categories.
Autogynephilia
A sexual variation in which a man is sexually attracted to the thought of himself as a woman.
