Chapter 10 - Gender

Question 1

Gender

Answer 1

The psychological experience of femaleness and/or maleness.

Question 2

Biological sex

Answer 2

The biological condition of being male and/or female, as determined by genes, chromosomes, hormones, and physical traits.

Question 3

Gender identity

Answer 3

The way in which one identifies with a gender category.

Question 4

Gender role

Answer 4

The set of social and behavioural norms that are considered to be socially appropriate for individuals with a specific sex in the context of a specific culture.

Question 5

Phenotype

Answer 5

The outward appearance or expression of a set of physical and behavioural traits, determined by genotype and environment.

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

The genetic constitution of an organism, determined by genetic components inherited from the organism’s parents.

Question 7

Chromosomal sex

Answer 7

Sex determined by the combination of sex chromosomes.

Question 8

Gonadal sex

Answer 8

Sex determined by the presence of female gonads (ovaries) and/or male gonads (testicles).

Question 9

Hormonal sex

Answer 9

Sex determined by levels of estrogens and androgens.

Question 10

Gender schemas

Answer 10

Mental frameworks based on understandings of how men and women typically behave.

Question 11

Gender stereotypes

Answer 11

Widely held beliefs about the typical characteristics and behaviours of men and women.

Question 12

Reproductive fitness

Answer 12

The ability to successfully pass on genes to the next generation.

Question 13

Parental investment theory

Answer 13

A theory proposed by Robert Trivers (1972) that predicts that the sex making the larger investment in offspring will be more discriminating in mating.

Question 14

Cohen’s d effect size

Answer 14

A measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables in a population.

Question 15

Sociosexuality

Answer 15

Individual differences in the willingness to engage in casual sexual activity.

Question 16

Specificity of sexual arousal

Answer 16

Agreement between self-reported sexual attractions and sexual arousal patterns.

Question 17

Sexual concordance

Answer 17

Agreement between self-reported sexual arousal and genital arousal.

Question 18

Disorders of sexual development (DSDs)

Answer 18

A group of conditions in which the reproductive organs and/or genitals develop differently than expected.

Question 19

Intersex individuals

Answer 19

Individuals whose reproductive and or sexual anatomy develops differently from what is considered to be typical in either a female or a male.

Question 20

Cloacal exstrophy

Answer 20

A rare developmental variation in which the abdominal organs are exposed and the genitals develop abnormally.

Question 21

Penile agenesis

Answer 21

A rare developmental variation in which a male child is born without a penis.

Question 22

Virilization

Answer 22

The biological development of sex differences, specifically changes that make a male body different from a female body.

Question 23

Gender socialization

Answer 23

The learning of behaviour and attitudes considered appropriate for a given gender role.

Question 24

Gender dysphoria

Answer 24

Distress resulting from the discrepancy between one’s felt gender identity and one’s biological sex and/or the gender one was assigned at birth.

Question 25

Transition related surgeries (TRSs)

Answer 25

Surgical procedures to alter physical characteristics to resemble those typically associated with one’s felt gender.

Question 26

Transwoman

Answer 26

A biological male who identifies and presents as a woman.

Question 27

Transman

Answer 27

A biological female who identifies and presents as a man.

Question 28

Genderqueer

Answer 28

A person whose gender identification and self-presentation does not conform to gender categories.

Question 29

Autogynephilia

Answer 29

A sexual variation in which a man is sexually attracted to the thought of himself as a woman.