Chapter 17 Flashcards
340
What is the difference between fires 100 years ago and modern fires?
Hundred years ago buyers within structures were fuel limited, without intervention the fire would consume all of the fuel.
Modern fires are ventilation limited, resulting in a different time – temperature curve. In ventilation limited fires the limiting factor is oxygen once supplied by FFers opening of the structure the fire can rapidly proceed to flashover.
341
UL laboratories identifies four factors that distinguish modern dwellings from legacy dwellings built before 1980.
Larger homes
Open house geometries
Increase fuel loads
New construction materials
The rate of heat released by burning contents is exponentially higher, resulting in the fire within the room rapidly running out of air. Once a new source of air is introduced the fire will quickly develop.
342
Flow path
Flow path is the volume between and inlet and exhaust that allows the movement of heat and smoke from a higher pressure area within the fire area towards a lower pressure areas assessable the doors, windows, and other openings.
342
What were the lessons learned from the Gov.’s Island experiments in 2012 (4)
- It is essential to control access door to restrict introduction of air, thereby delaying flashover.
- The only way to go from ventilation limited to fuel limited is through application of water before vertical ventilation.
- softening the target by applying 30- 90 seconds of water into the compartment dramatically reduces fire development/improves conditions.
- You cannot make a big enough ventilation hole to localize fire growth or reduced temperatures in ventilation limited structures fires.
342
How can you limit the releasing of heat and increase in temperature rise inside of ventilation control fire?
Limiting flow paths until fire suppression water is ready to be applied….shut the door
343
When operating inside a structure fire what is important for the officer to remember when performing suppression activities? (2)
The officers personal and physical involvement in fire suppression activities should never override supervisory duties.
The officer as well as participating in the operation must constantly evaluate their effectiveness.
343
The fire officers role is to review the entire area of responsibility, monitor progress, coordinate with other companies, and lookout for hazards. How does the officer balance the level of supervision?
The level of supervision should be balanced with the experience of the company members and the nature of the assignment.
344
How does a fire officer have success using and authoritative style of leadership?
Success using an authoritative style comes when the officer has developed the trust and confidence before the incident. The officer has demonstrated sound knowledge of the technical aspects of firefighting and demonstrated trustworthiness.
344
Size-up
Systematic process of gathering and processing information to evaluate the situation and then translating that information into a plan.
344
When does size up begin and end?
Size up begins long before arrival and continues until the incident is stabilized
Information is continually gathered and processed to determine whether the plan is working or are adjustments required
345
What is the end result of a good size-up?
An incident action plan that considers all the pertinent information, define strategies and tactics, and assigns resources to complete those tactics.
345
How does the fire officer predict where the fire is burning and where it will spread?
Fire officer must understand basic fire dynamics of conduction conviction and radiation to predict where the fire will spread.
345
The specific size-up of for an incident begins where?
With the dispatch
345
What does visualization mean in terms of the size up?
Every previous situation that the fire officer has experienced or observed in training sessions photos videos are stored in the individual’s memory. when any situations observed the mind subconsciously looks for matching image credit template for this new observation.
345
What is indicated by dark smoke
Indication that there’s more carbon particles suspended in the smoke and less oxygen….also dark smoke churning indicates a high heat release rate, flashover conditions.
Soften the target with a quick application of water, coordinate vent efforts with hose crew
345 Class A combustibles normally dictate direct attack with water whereas class B combustibles require\_\_\_\_.
The use of foams
345
Lloyd Leyman’s five-step size of process:
- Facts…. preplanning- -preincident plan
- Probabilities….what is likely to happen
- Situation…. capability of resources, personnel,# of units
- Decision…. attack decision?
- Plan of operation…. action plan
346
Lloyd Leyman’s five-step size-up process:
Facts
Facts are the things that are known about the situation.
Pre-incident planning gives construction type, fire protection systems, flow requirements, water sources, and special hazards.
The more facts the officer can secure the more accurate the size up will be.
346
Lloyd Leyman’s five-step size-up process:
Probabilities
What is likely to happen or can be anticipated to happen based on the known facts.
Where is the fire likely to spread given our tactics and the amount of time it will take to achieve them.