Chapter 17

Question 1

Freedom from infection

Answer 1

Asepsis

Question 2

ubiquitous single-celled organisms

Answer 2

Bacteria Prokaryotic,

Question 3

Disease causing microorganisms that may be present in the human blood

Answer 3

Bloodborne Pathogens

Question 4

Treatment of disease by chemical agents

Answer 4

Chemotherapy

Question 5

Stage in the life cycle of certain parasites during which they are enclosed in a protective wall

Answer 5

Cyst

Question 6

Occurring in two distinct forms

Answer 6

Dimorphic

Question 7

Deviations from or
interruptions of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system (or combination thereof) of
characteristic set of symptoms and signs and whose cause, pathologic mechanism, and prognosis may be known or unknown

Answer 7

Diseases

Question 8

Chemicals used to free an environment from pathogenic

Answer 8

Disinfectants

Question 9

Organisms whose cells have a true nucleus

Answer 9

Eukaryotes

Question 10

Microbial community found on or in a healthy person

Answer 10

Flora

Question 11

An object such as a book, wooden object, or article of clothing that is not in itself harmful but is able to harbor pathogenic microorganisms and thus may serve as an agent of transmission of an infection

Answer 11

Fomite

Question 12

General term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists-including mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, molds, and smuts-that are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid cell wall

Answer 12

Fungi

Question 13

Infection that patients acquire while they are receiving treatment for another health care issue

Answer 13

Health Care-Associated Infection
(HAI)

Question 14

An animal or plant that harbors or nourishes another organism

Answer 14

Host

Question 15

Resulting from the activities of physicians

Answer 15

Iatrogenic

Question 16

Security against a particular disease

Answer 16

Immunity

Question 17

Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues that may be clinically inapparent or may result in local cellular injury as a result of competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response

Answer 17

Infection

Question 18

Reduction in numbers of infectious agents, which, in turn, decreases the probability of infection but does not necessarily reduce it to
zero

Answer 18

Medical Asepsis

Question 19

Microscopic organisms-those of medical interest including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa

Answer 19

Microorganisms

Question 20

Pertaining to or originating in the hospital; said of an infection not present or incubating before admittance to the hospital but generally developing 72 hours after admittance

Answer 20

Nosocomial

Question 21

Disease-producing microorganisms

Answer 21

Pathogens

Question 22

Cellular organisms that lack a true nucleus

Answer 22

Prokaryotes

Question 23

A subkingdom comprising the simplest organisms of the animal kingdom, consisting of unicellular organisms ranging in size from submicroscopic to macroscopic; most being free-living but some having commensalistic, mutualistic, or parasitic existences

Answer 23

Protozoa

Question 24

Alternative or passive host or carrier that harbors pathogenic organisms, without injury to itself, and serves as a source from which other individuals can be infected

Answer 24

Reservoir

Question 25

Precautions to prevent the transmission of disease by body fluid and substance

Answer 25

Standard Precautions

Question 26

Complete destruction or elimination of all living microorganisms accomplished by physical methods (dry or moist heat), chemical agents (ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, alcohol), radiation (ultraviolet, cathode), or mechanical methods (filtration)

Answer 26

Sterilization

Question 27

Procedure used to prevent contamination by microbes and endospores before, during, or after surgery using sterile technique

Answer 27

Surgical Asepsis

Question 28

Suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, or rickettsiae) administered for the prevention, improvement, or treatment of infections disease

Answer 28

Vaccine

Question 29

A carrier, especially an animal (usually an arthropod), that transfers an infective agent from one host to another

Answer 29

Vector

Question 30

Complete viral particle found extracellularly and capable of surviving in crystalline form and infecting a living cell; comprises the nucleoid (genetic material) and the capsid; also called a viral particle

Answer 30

Virion

Question 31

Any of a group of minute infectious agents not resolved in the light microscope, with certain exceptions (e.g., poxvirus), and characterized by a lack of independent metabolism as well as the ability to replicate only within living host cells

Answer 31

Viruses

Question 32

Common viral illnesses:

Answer 32

•Common cold
•Infectious mononucleosis
•Warts

Question 33

•Diseases caused by fungi:

Answer 33

•Superficial
•Cutaneous
•Subcutaneous
•Systemic infection

Question 34

Two typical protozoan infections:

Answer 34

•Trichomonas vaginalis (STD)
•Plasmodium vivax (malaria)

Question 35

Establishment of Infectious Disease
Complicated six step process:

Answer 35

•Encounter
•Entry
•Spread
•Multiplication
•Damage
•Outcome

Question 36

Encounter

Answer 36

coming in contact with the host
Ex •Rubella
•Syphilis

Question 37

Entry involves the body

Answer 37

Coming in contact with environment
Ex
•Contaminated food/water
•Biliary
•Urinary
•Respiratory system

Question 38

Two ways to cause damage:

Answer 38

•Direct Cell Damage
•Death caused by destruction of host cells or by toxins/poisons secreted by the infectious agent

•Indirect Cell Damage
•Altering the metabolism of the host

Question 39

Four key factors involved in the spread of disease:

Answer 39

•Host
•Infectious Microorganisms
•Mode of Transmission
•Reservoir

Question 40

Nosocomial Infections
•Defined

Answer 40

“hospital acquired

Question 41

Asepsis Physical Methods of sterilization :

Answer 41

•Heat is the most frequently used method of sterilization.
•Moist heat is more effective/faster than dry heat
•“Using steam under pressure”