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PSYC*3410 > Chapter 17-1 > Flashcards

Chapter 17-1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the stress response:

A

Coordinated responses to an actual or potential aversive stimulus (physical, social, cognitive, immune) which typically includes alterations in neuroendocrine and autonomic functions with complex changes in behaviour

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2
Q

How does stress differ between organisms?

A

Experience of stress is common to all organisms

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3
Q

Stress responses can be influenced by:

A

One’s experience, genetics, behaviour

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4
Q

Stress definition:

A

The response

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5
Q

Stressor definition:

A

Stimuli that causes stress

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6
Q

Chronic definition:

A

Constant, for a long time

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7
Q

Acute definition:

A

Once

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8
Q

Repeated (stress) definition:

A

Many times with stress-free gaps

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9
Q

Who did early research on stress?

A

Hans Selye (1950s)

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10
Q

Main focus of Hans Selye’s 1950’s stress research:

A

Glucocorticoids & the anterior pituitary-adrenal cortex system

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11
Q

What is general adaptation syndrome as per Hans Selye?

A

Short-term adaptive functions to return body back to normal (homeostasis)

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12
Q

Hans Selye’s main contribution to research:

A

Both physical and psychological stressors trigger the same stress response

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13
Q

PVN of hypothalamus’ contribution to stress:

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

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14
Q

Ant. Pit. contribution to stress:

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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14
Q

Adrenal cortex contribution to stress:

A

Glucocorticoids

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14
Q

Role of hypothalamus, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex on HPA axis:

A

Inhibitory

15
Q

Role of amygdala on HPA axis:

A

Excitatory

16
Q

How do glucocorticoids act to exhibit metabolic effects?

A

Act via glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors

17
Q

Metabolic effects of glucocorticoids:

A
  • Enhanced expression of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis
  • Mobilization of amino acids from extrahepatic tissues
  • Inhibition of glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue (enhance blood glucose)
  • Stimulation of fat breakdown in adipose tissue
18
Q

Stressor -> brain -> sympathetic nervous system -> _____ -> ____

A

Adrenal medulla, norepinephrine and epinephrine

19
Q

Stressor -> brain -> anterior pituitary -> ______ -> ______

A

Adrenal cortex, glucocorticoids

20
Q

Effects of perinatal and early life stress:

A
  • Impaired stress response
  • Higher anxiety/fear behavioural profile
  • Higher depression
21
Q

Effects of rat pups being separated from their mother:

A
  • Enhanced behavioural and hormonal stress response in adulthood
22
Q

Effect of rat pups being handled by researchers:

A

Reduced behavioural and hormonal stress response in adulthood

23
Q

Effect of fearful/poor mothers:

A
  • Pups become fearful in adulthood
  • Daughters become poor mothers
24
Q

Epigenetic definition:

A

A change in phenotype that is heritable but does not involve DNA mutation

25
Q

An increase in glucocorticoid receptor expression leads to what in rat pups?

A
  • Low corticosterone levels
  • Low anxiety
  • High licking or grooming
26
Q

A decrease in glucocorticoid receptor expression leads to what in rat pups?

A
  • High corticosterone levels
  • High anxiety
  • Low licking or grooming
27
Q

What happens to Nr3c1 (gene for GR) following high maternal care?

A
  • Enhances brain GRs
  • Enhanced glucocorticoids inhibitory feedback
  • Reduced pituitary-adrenal responses
28
Q

Chronic/repeated stress reduces/impairs ______ in respect to the hippocampus?

A
  • Adult neurogenesis
  • Dendritic spines
  • Dendritic branching
  • Hippocampal-dependent learning & memory
29
Q

What gender is more susceptible to developmental stress?

A

Males more susceptible than females

30
Q

What gender has higher cortisol response during adulthood stress?

A

Females

31
Q

Testosterone _____ stress responses:

A

Reduces

32
Q

Estrogens ____ stress responses:

A

Potentiates

33
Q

Progesterones _____ stress responses:

A

Reduces

PSYC*3410 (7 decks)

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