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Physics > Chapter 16 Waves And Sound > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Waves And Sound Flashcards

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0
Q

Particle motion occurs perpendicular to the direction of the disturbance of the wave

A

Transverse

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1
Q

What are the two common features to all waves

A
  1. A wave is a traveling disturbance

2. Wave carries energy from place to place

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2
Q

Particle motion occurs parallel to the line of travel of the disturbance of the wave

A

Longitudinal wave

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3
Q

Need a material medium through which they can travel as they transfer energy

A

Mechanical wave

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4
Q

Material through which the energy of mechanical wave is transferred from one particle to another

A

Medium

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5
Q

Need no medium through which travel

A

Electromagnetic waves

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6
Q

Single disturbance traveling through medium

A

Pulse

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7
Q

Consists of cycles or patterns that are produced over and over again at the same frequency

A

Periodic waves

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8
Q

What waves are consisted of

A

Cycles

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9
Q

Maximum excursion particle of the medium from the particles undisturbed position the distance between a crest or trough to the undisturbed position

A

Amplitude

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10
Q

The horizontal length between the two same points on consecutive cycles

A

Wavelength

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11
Q

Time it takes to make a cycle

A

Period

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12
Q

Number of cycles per second

A

Frequency

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13
Q

What characterizes the energy content of the mechanical waves

A

It’s amplitude

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14
Q

What occurs with the speed when the wave in the same medium

A

The speed is constant

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15
Q

What does the speed depend on

A

Properties of a new medium

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16
Q

What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength

A

Inversely related

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17
Q

What does not amplitude effect

A

Speed wavelength and frequency

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18
Q

What occurs when a wave reaches the boundary of the medium

A

Part of it is reflected

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19
Q

What happens to the remainder of a reflected wave

A

It is transmitted into the new medium

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20
Q

What remains the same whenever wave enters a new medium

A

The frequency

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21
Q

What is the speed of a wave determined by in a rope or similar material

A

The tension in the rope and the linear density of the rope

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22
Q

When two or more waves are present simultaneously at the same place

A

Interference

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23
Q

What does interference result in

A

The resultant disturbance is the sum of the disturbances of the individual waves

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24
Q

When two waves meet perfectly and the amplitudes are combined

A

Constructive interference

25
Q

When two waves meet oppositely and he amplitude is negated

A

Destructive interference

26
Q

Wave changing direction after encountering a barrier and the wave energy remains in original medium

A

Reflection

27
Q

What is the law of reflection

A

The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence measured relative to the normal line

28
Q

Change in direction of waves at the boundary between two different media the wave enters new medium

A

Refraction

29
Q

The bending of a wave around obstacles placed in its path

A

Diffraction

30
Q

What does the reflected wave look like if the encountered barrier is rigid compared to the original medium

A

Wave will be inverted

31
Q

What does the wave look like if the encountered barrier is flexible compared to the original medium

A

Wave will be upright

32
Q

What happens to the reflection of a wave if the encountered barrier material is similar to the original medium

A

Very little wave energy is reflected most of it will transmit through the new medium in form of upright wave

33
Q

Happens to the wave energy if the encountered barrier material is very different from the original medium

A

Most of the wave energy will reflect in the form of an inverted wave while very little will be transmitted into the new medium

34
Q

What causes refraction

A

The change in the speed of a wave when it enters a new medium

35
Q

What happens to the wave frequency refraction occurs

A

Remains the same

36
Q

Where does the wave bend if it slows down whenever it enters the new medium

A

It bends towards the normal line

37
Q

Where does the wave bend when it speeds up in a new medium

A

Bends away from the normal line

38
Q

What does the extent of diffraction depend upon

A

The wavelength of the waves and the size of the obstacle

39
Q

What is the proportion regarding diffraction

A

Diffraction amount is proportional to the wavelength over the size of the obstacle

40
Q

What remains constant during diffraction

A

Wave speed and wave frequency

41
Q

How is a standing wave formed

A

Formed by interfering waves traveling in the opposite direction these reflected waves have the same wavelength amplitude and speed

42
Q

Stationary points on the rope the displacements of the interfering waves are equal and opposite

A

Node

43
Q

What occurs in order to form a node

A

Destructive interference

44
Q

The points of maximum amplitude where constructive interference is greatest

A

Antinodes

45
Q

What is occurring in order to form an antinode

A

Constructive interference

46
Q

What is the frequency relationship between the waves that form a standing wave

A

Interference of equal frequency waves

47
Q

How many nodes and antinodes are in one cycle of a standing wave

A

Three nodes and two antinodes

Three antinodes and two nodes

48
Q

What is the Doppler effect

A

The discrepancy between actual wave frequency and observed wave frequency that occurs due to the motion of the source with respect to the observer

49
Q

What is true about the frequency when the source is moving towards the observer

A

The observed frequency is higher than the actual frequency of the source

50
Q

What is true about the frequency if the source is moving away from the observer

A

The observed frequency is lower than the actual frequency of the source

51
Q

What happens to the waves as the source moves

A

They bunch up in front of the source and spread out behind the source

52
Q

When does the observed frequency match the source frequency

A

When the source is not moving toward or away from the observer

53
Q

What is true about frequency if the source is moving at a constant velocity or speed

A

Frequencies constant

54
Q

Happens to the frequency if the source is accelerating

A

Frequencies changing

55
Q

Transverse wave

A

Wave motion is perpendicular to particle motion

56
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

Wave motion is parallel to particle motion

57
Q

If a pulse is sent along a rope, how does the rope behave at any given point after the pulse has passed

A

It returns to it’s original position, as if it were never disturbed

58
Q

Waves are sent along a spring of fixed length. How can the speed of the waves in the spring be changed

A

It can’t be changed because wave speed is constant in medium

59
Q

Does the frequency of the wave actually change during the Doppler effect

A

No the observer just perceives it to change due to the relative motion of the source

60
Q

What does the degree to which the observed frequency differs from the source frequency depend upon

A

Velocity of the wave, observer and source

61
Q

What does the principle of linear superposition state

A

When waves interfere the resulting disturbance is the sum of the individual wave disturbances

Physics (13 decks)

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