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Physics > Chapter 16 Cont. Sound > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Cont. Sound Flashcards

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0
Q

What is required in order for sound to be transmitted

A

A medium

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1
Q

What is sound

A

A longitudinal wave created by a vibrating object

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2
Q

In what type of mediums can sound travel

A

Solids liquids gases

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3
Q

Region of increased air pressure due to compression

A

Condensation

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4
Q

Region where air pressure is slightly less than normal due to inward motion

A

Rarefaction

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5
Q

Frequency

A

Number of cycles per second that passes by a given location

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6
Q

Pure tone

A

A sound with a single frequency

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7
Q

Ultrasonic

A

Sound waves with frequencies above 20K hertz

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8
Q

Infrasonic

A

Sound waves with frequencies below 20 hertz

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9
Q

Pitch

A

The subjective quality of the frequency detected by the ear and interpreted by the brain

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10
Q

Pure tone with a large frequency

A

High pitched sound

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11
Q

Pure tone with a small frequency

A

Low pitched sound

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12
Q

What is the objective property of a sound wave

A

Pressure amplitude

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13
Q

Magnitude of the maximum change in pressure, measured relative to the undos turned or atmospheric pressure

A

Pressure amplitude

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14
Q

What is the subjective property of a sound wave

A

Loudness

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15
Q

Attribute of sound that depends primarily on the amplitude of the wave

A

Loudness

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16
Q

What is the elastic limit of a sound wave

A

Approximately 10^9 Hz

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17
Q

Through which medium does sound travel fastest and why

A

Solids bc solid particles are held together by large binding forces

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18
Q

Through which medium does sound travel slowest and why

A

Gases bc gas particles have virtually no binding forces between them

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19
Q

What is power

A

Amount of energy transported per second of a wave

20
Q

The sound power that passes perpendicularly through a surface divided by the area of that suface

A

Sound intensity

21
Q

What is the definition and value of the threshold of hearing

A

Smallest sound intensity that a uniform ear can detect

1 x 10^-12 W/m^2

22
Q

What is the relationship between intensity and the distance from the source

A

Inversely proportional

23
Q

What does the area stand for in the intensity equation

A

The area of the object, could be a square, sphere etc.

24
Q

What is the measurement unit used when comparing two sound waves

A

Decibels

25
Q

What are the properties that affect the speed of sound

A

Density
Elasticity
Temperature

26
Q

How is the speed of sound affected by the density of the medium

A

The more dense the medium, the slower the speed and vice versa

AKA inverse relationship

27
Q

How does the elasticity of the medium affect the speed of sound

A

The more elastic the medium, the faster the speed of sound

AKA direct relationship

28
Q

How does the temperature of the medium affect the speed of sound

A

The hotter the medium, the faster the speed of sound

AKA direct relationship

29
Q

How are beats formed?

A

Overlapping waves with slightly different frequencies

30
Q

What is the beat frequency and how is it calculated

A

The number of times per second that the loudness rises and falls

Difference btw the two sound frequencies

31
Q

Chord

A

Pattern of beat frequency

32
Q

Consonant

A

Two frequencies sound pleasant together

33
Q

Dissonant

A

Two frequencies sound unpleasant together

34
Q

What is the ratio created by consonant frequencies

A

Numbers will be 5 or less

35
Q

What is resonance

A

The forced vibration of an object by another oscillation, causing it to vibrate at the same frequency

36
Q

What is the natural or resonant frequency!

A

Frequency at which resonance occurs

37
Q

What does the natural or resonant frequency often cause

A

An amplification of vibration of the “driven” object

38
Q

What occurs when a note is played on a musical instrument

A

Several standing waves are resonating within the instrument simultaneously

39
Q

Harmonics

A

The frequencies corresponding to standing waves

40
Q

What is the fundamental frequency

A

The loudest and lowest;

The note that you hear

41
Q

Overtone

A

Higher and fainter

Other frequencies

42
Q

Timbre

A

The quality of the sound determined by the number and relative intensities of the overtones produced

43
Q

What does the timbre do to each instrument

A

Gives each instrument a unique sound

44
Q

In terms of harmonics, what is the first overtone and it’s wavelength

A

It is the 2nd harmonic with a 2/2 wavelength

45
Q

What kind of waves do sound waves create in tubes

A

Standing waves

46
Q

How are standing waves created in a tube

A

The waves reflect off the ends of the tube (even if the ends are open) and the downward and upward waves combine to form a standing wave

47
Q

What do the standing waves in both open ended tubes end in?

A

Antinodes

48
Q

What type of standing waves do tubes only open at one end produce

A

Standing waves of odd harmonic frequencies

Physics (13 decks)

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