chapter 16 vocabulary

Question 1

single covalent bond

Answer 1

a bond in which 2 atoms share a pair of electrons

Question 2

structural formulas

Answer 2

chemical formulas that show the arrangement of atoms in molecules and polyatomic ions

Question 3

double covalent bonds

Answer 3

bond that involve 2 shared pairs of electrons

Question 4

triple covalent bonds

Answer 4

bonds that are/involve 3 shared pairs of electrons

Question 5

coordinate covalent bonds

Answer 5

a covalent bond in which one atom contributes both bonding electrons

Question 6

bond dissociation energy

Answer 6

the total energy required to break the bond between 2 covalently bonded atoms

Question 7

resonance structures

Answer 7

structures that occur when it is possible to write 2 or more valid electron dot formulas that have the same number of electron pairs for a molecule

Question 8

diamagnetic

Answer 8

substances in which all of the electrons are paired (weakly repelled by an external magnetic field)

Question 9

paramagnetic

Answer 9

substances that contain one or more unpaired electrons

Question 10

molecular orbitals

Answer 10

when 2 atoms combine, this model assumes that their atomic orbitals overlap to produce…(orbitals that apply to entire molecules)

Question 11

bonding orbital

Answer 11

a molecule orbitals with an energy that is lower than that of the atomic orbitals from which it formed

Question 12

anti bonding orbital

Answer 12

the other molecular orbital who’s energy is higher than that of the atomic orbitals from which it formed

Question 13

sigma bond

Answer 13

when 2 atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical along the axis connecting 2 atomic nuclei

Question 14

tetrahedral angle

Answer 14

all angles = 109.5

Question 15

VESPR theory

Answer 15

states that because electron pairs repel, molecular shape adjusts so the valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible

Question 16

non polar covalent bond

Answer 16

when the atoms in the bond pull equally (as occurs when like atoms are bonded). the bonding electrons are shared equally

Question 17

polar covalent bond

Answer 17

when a covalent bond joins two atoms of different elements and the bonding electrons are shared unequally

Question 18

polar molecule

Answer 18

one end of the molecule is slightly negative and the other end is slightly positive

Question 19

dipole

Answer 19

a molecule/s that has 2 poles

Question 20

Van der Waals forces

Answer 20

the weakest attractions, 2 types

dispersion forces and dipole molecules

Question 21

dispersion forces

Answer 21

the weakest of all molecular interactions are cause by the motion of electrons

Question 22

dipole interactions

Answer 22

occurs when polar molecules are attracted to one another

Question 23

hydrogen bonds

Answer 23

attractive forces in which a hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared pair of electrons of another electronegative atom

Question 24

network solids

Answer 24

(most are very stable substances), solids in which all of the atoms are covalently bonded to each other

Question 25

unshared pairs

Answer 25

pairs of valence electrons that are not shared between atoms (lone pairs, nonbonding pairs)