Chapter 11 vocabulary

Question 1

thermochemistry

Answer 1

concerned with heat changes that occur during chemical reactions

Question 2

energy

Answer 2

the capacity for doing work or supplying heat

Question 3

chemical potential energy

Answer 3

energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances

Question 4

heat

Answer 4

represented by q, is energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between them

Question 5

system

Answer 5

the part of the universe on which you focus your attention

Question 6

surroundings

Answer 6

include everything else in the universe

Question 7

universe

Answer 7

the system and its surroundings

Question 8

the law of conservation of energy

Answer 8

states that in any chemical reaction or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed

Question 9

endothermic process

Answer 9

a process that absorbs heat from the surroundings

Question 10

exothermic process

Answer 10

a process that releases heat to its surroundings

Question 11

molar heat of fusion

Answer 11

the heat absorbed by 1 mole of a substance melting from a solid to a liquid at constant temperature

Question 12

molar heat of solidification

Answer 12

the heat lost when 1 mole of a liquid solidifies at a constant temperature

Question 13

molar heat of vaporization

Answer 13

the amount of heat necessary to vaporize 1 mole of a given liquid

Question 14

molar heat of condensation

Answer 14

the amount of heat released when 1 mole of vapor condenses

Question 15

molar heat of solution

Answer 15

the hear change caused by dissolution of 1 mole of a substance

Question 16

hess’s law of heat summation

Answer 16

if you add 2 or more thermochemical equations to give a final equation, then you can also add the heats of reaction to give final heat of reaction

Question 17

standard heat of formation

Answer 17

of a compound is the change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a compound from its elements with all substances in their standard states at 25 degrees Celsius.

Question 18

calorie

Answer 18

the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius

Question 19

joule

Answer 19

the SI unit of heat and energy

Question 20

heat capacity

Answer 20

the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly 1 degree celcius

Question 21

specific heat capacity (specific heat)

Answer 21

the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g of the substance 1 degree celcius

Question 22

calorimetry

Answer 22

the accurate and precise measurement of heat change for chemical and physical processes

Question 23

calorimeter

Answer 23

the insulated device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in chemical or physical processes

Question 24

enthalpy (H)

Answer 24

for systems at constant pressure, the heat content is the same as a property called enthalpy (heat changes carried out at constant pressure= same as change in enthalpy

Question 25

thermochemical equation

Answer 25

an equation that includes the heat

Question 26

heat of reaction

Answer 26

the heat change for the equation exactly as it is written

Question 27

heat of combustion

Answer 27

the heat of reaction for the complete burning of one mole of a substance