chapter 10 vocabulary

Question 1

kinetic energy

Answer 1

the energy an object has because of its motion

Question 2

kinetic theory

Answer 2

states that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion

Question 3

gas pressure

Answer 3

the force exerted by a far per unit surface area of an object

Question 4

vacuum

Answer 4

an empty space with no particles and no pressure

Question 5

atmospheric pressure

Answer 5

results from the collisions of air molecules with objects

Question 6

barometers

Answer 6

devices commonly used to measure atmospheric pressure

Question 7

Pascal

Answer 7

the SI unit of pressure

Question 8

standard atmosphere (ATM)

Answer 8

the pressure required to support 760 mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25C

Question 9

vaporization

Answer 9

the conversion of liquid to a gas or vapor

Question 10

evaporation

Answer 10

when a conversion occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling

Question 11

boiling point

Answer 11

the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure

Question 12

normal boiling point

Answer 12

the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3Kpa

Question 13

melting point

Answer 13

the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid

Question 14

crystal

Answer 14

when the atoms ions or molecules that make up the solid substance are arranged in an orderly repeating, three dimensional pattern called the crystal lattice

Question 15

unit cell

Answer 15

the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal

Question 16

allotropes

Answer 16

two or more different molecular forms of the same element In the same physical state

Question 17

amorphous solids

Answer 17

lack an ordered internal structure (plastic rubber)

Question 18

glasses

Answer 18

transparent fusion of products of inorganic substances that have cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing

Question 19

phase diagram

Answer 19

gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as solid liquid and gas (vapor)

Question 20

triple point

Answer 20

describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrium with one another

Question 21

sublimation

Answer 21

the change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state

Question 22

vapor pressure

Answer 22

when particles collide with he walls of a sealed container