Chapter 16 Study Questions (Pt. 1) Flashcards
what is the difference between cellular respiration and the respiratory system?
the main difference between cellular respiration and the respiratory system is that cellular respiration takes place inside cells, while the respiratory system works to bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
the respiratory system is divided into two zones. what are they?
conducting zone
respiratory zone
the role of the conducting zone is to bring in air, and prep it for oxygen delivery. what are the three ways that the conducting zone preps air for oxygen delivery?
- warm air up
- filter air
- hydrate/humidify air
what prevents the conducting zone from collapsing?
C-shaped bands of cartilage
why is tracheal cartilage C-shaped?
allows esophagus to expand as food passes through it
what is the function of smooth muscle in the conducting zone
to expand and contract in order to change air volume entering the lungs
why would we want to change the volume of air that enters the lungs, and what structure is responsible for doing it?
smooth muscle in the contracting zone.
exercise: increase air volume.
toxic air: decrease air volume.
what is the mucociliary escalator?
goblet + ciliated cells that keep the conducting zone airway clean
what is the role of the mucociliary escalator? (3)
- mucus: catches particles
- cilia: sweeps particles up and out
- maintains hydration in lungs
where does gas exchange take place?
alveoli
what is the function of alveolar type 1 cells?
form the alveolus
what is the function of alveolar type 2 cells?
make surfactant
surfactant is a mix of what?
lipids and proteins
what is the function of alveolar macrophage?
migrate through alveoli to fight infection from unfiltered air that we breathe in
why does the lining of the conducting zone need to be kept hydrated?
if mucus gets too dehydrated it becomes to viscous
why is it a problem if mucus gets too dehydrated/viscous?
cilia cannot remove particulates and bacteria can get trapped in thick mucus
what is the role of the thin water film in the conducting zone?
makes sure that mucus doesn’t get too thick/viscous
